Fused Glass Deposition Modelling on Flat Glass: Investigations of process-structure-properties and feasibility of novel glass joints

与金属和塑料相比，玻璃的增材制造（AM）仍处于研究的萌芽状态。然而，玻璃增材制造将为不同领域的个人设计提供全新的可能性。可以想象，在没有钻孔和粘合剂的平板玻璃上，均匀、透明和独立的玻璃接缝和玻璃增强。一些研究项目专注于单个玻璃组件的增材制造，但他们还没有解决熔融玻璃层本身与平板玻璃或其他更大的玻璃结构之间的连接过程。玻璃的成功连接主要取决于粘度、连接时间和温度设置。进一步的参数是热量和连接伙伴的几何形状，热膨胀行为以及加热、冷却过程中产生的残余应力和相关的温度依赖的玻璃强度。该研究项目的主要目标是通过对工艺结构性能的分析，获得在平板玻璃上使用熔融玻璃沉积的集成连接工艺的基本知识，以获得均匀和可重复的连接区域。进一步的目标是确定平板玻璃上新型玻璃接头的潜在结构应用，平板玻璃通常由硼硅酸盐和钠钙硅酸盐玻璃制成。平板玻璃上熔接玻璃的集成连接工艺面临着一些重大挑战。深入了解温度场和体积相关的热量的影响以及非均匀残余应力的发展是必需的。在低于玻璃转变温度的温度下，这些瞬态效应与玻璃脆性材料行为的相互作用需要进行基础研究，以实现接缝的显著机械强度。工艺参数（温度、几何形状等）影响所得到的接头连接区域的结构（均匀性、界面）及其机械性能（强度、残余应力）。通过系统地研究工艺、结构和机械性能之间的关系，确定并优化相关参数。建立了温度场和残余应力计算的数值模型，为连接工艺的优化和连接设计的发展提供了理论依据。根据工艺优化的结果和由此产生的工艺限制，将设计玻璃-玻璃接头并制作测试样品。系统的工艺-结构-性能研究结合数值分析、材料和构件研究将显著改善熔融玻璃与平板玻璃的连接工艺。在此基础上，将确定连接过程和结构应用的新型接头的潜力。

Compared to metals and plastics, additive manufacturing (AM) of glass can still be considered within an embryonic state of research. AM of glass however would enable completely new possibilities in different sectors for individual designs. Homogeneous, transparent and individual glass joints and glass reinforcements on flat glass without boreholes and adhesives are imaginable. A few research projects focus on AM of individual glass components, but they did not yet address the joining process between the fused glass layers themselves and flat glass or other larger glass structures. A successful joining of glasses is primarily dependent on the viscosity, the joining time and the temperature settings. Further parameters are heat quantities and the geometry of the joining partners, the thermal expansion behaviour as well as the residual stresses generated during heating, cooling and the related temperature-dependent glass strength. The key objective of the proposed research project is to gain a fundamental knowledge of the integrated joining process using fused glass deposition on flat glass for a homogeneous and reproducible joining area by means of analysis of the process-structure-properties. A further goal is to identify potential structural applications for the novel glass joints on flat glass, which is typically made of borosilicate and soda-lime silicate glass. The integrated joining process fused glass on flat glass bares some significant challenges. In-depth knowledge of the impact of temperature fields and volume-related heat quantities as well as of the development of non-uniform residual stresses is required. The interaction of these transient effects with the brittle material behaviour of glass at temperatures below the glass transformation temperature requires fundamental research to achieve a significant mechanical strength of the joints. The process parameters (temperature, geometry, ect.) influence the structure (homogeneity, interface) in the joining area of the resulting joints and their mechanical properties (strength, residual stress). The relevant parameters will be identified and optimized by a systematic investigation of the relationships between process, structure and mechanical properties. In addition, a numerical model for the calculation of the temperature fields and the resulting residual stresses is developed, which will be used for the optimization of the joining process and the development of joining design. Based on the results of the process optimization and the resulting process limits, glass-glass joints will be designed and test samples produced. The systematic investigation of the process-structure-properties in combination with numerical analyses, material and component investigations will significantly improve the joining process between fused glass and flat glass. The potential of the joining process and novel joints for structural applications will be identified on this basis.