Child Labour Opponents and their Campaigns in the Americas in Global Perspective, 1888-1938

全球视角下的美洲童工反对者及其运动，1888-1938 年

• 批准号: 439894427
• 负责人: Dr. Nina Schneider
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Käte Hamburger Kolleg - Centre for Global Cooperation Research
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/439894427?language=en
• 关键词: Child; Labour; Opponents; their; Campaigns

The project’s main objective is to investigate and compare a diverse sample of locally grounded yet nationally and/or often globally entangled child labour opponents, their motivations, and campaigns between 1888 and 1938, when anti child-labour activism was at its peak. While contemporary child labour has received scholarly attention, we lack comprehensive histories of child labour that extend beyond the nation framework and include the “Global South”. Only recently have a few studies contrasted regional and historical contexts or investigated transnational entanglements. In particular, knowledge on the global child labour abolition movement is scarce. Drawing on material gathered from 13 archives worldwide and focusing on Brazil and the United States as globally contextualised yet distinctive case studies, this project asks: Who were the protagonists, and how and why did they oppose child labour in different regions and moments in time? How does anti-child labour activism compare between regions and to what extent was it globally entangled? How did protagonists impact (or were impacted by) international conferences and organisations (e.g. the IACP and ILO), and the globalising anti-child labour discourses and practices they developed? The project aims to address three research gaps: 1) anti-child labour activism in historical context rather than the present; 2) opponents from the “South” rather than just the “West”; and 3) the understudied diverse opponents (from elite philanthropists to the labour movement, from civil society to transnational organisations), their motivations and campaigns (including the role of media and transnational organisations as exchange platforms). Innovatively combining the method of qualitative comparison and entangled history with a biographical and media-focused approach, the project’s main outcome (monograph) will be a first history of early twentieth century anti-child labour activism in the Americas in global perspective narrated through the biographies of 10 diverse localised, yet nationally and globally entangled, protagonists from Rio/São Paulo and New York City. Like a camera, it zooms out from their biographies (private) and local context (city) to the national and global level (child labour abolition as a global movement), making the project workable. Rather than merely accumulating knowledge about two national cases, these exemplar activists are set in a broader context. While the project will advance the history of child labour opposition regionally (in global rather than “Western” terms) and thematically (opponents, motivations, campaigns), it also constructively engages with criticism levelled against global history approaches (including the subfields of labour and social movements) that it risks silencing local or social specificities (diversity). Focusing on global child labour opponents, this project will contribute to a broader history of global child labour abolition.

该项目的主要目标是调查和比较不同的样本本地接地但全国和/或往往是全球纠缠的童工反对者，他们的动机，和运动之间的1888年和1938年，当反童工活动处于顶峰。虽然当代童工现象受到了学术界的关注，但我们缺乏超越国家框架并包括“全球南方”的全面童工历史。只是最近才有几项研究对比了区域和历史背景或调查了跨国纠葛。特别是，对全球废除童工运动的了解很少。该项目利用从全球13个档案馆收集的材料，并将巴西和美国作为全球背景下独特的案例研究，提出以下问题：谁是主角，他们如何以及为什么在不同地区和不同时刻反对童工？反童工行动主义在不同地区之间的比较如何？它在全球范围内的卷入程度如何？倡导者如何影响（或受到）国际会议和组织（如IACP和ILO）的影响，以及他们制定的全球化反童工话语和做法？该项目旨在解决三个研究空白：1）历史背景下的反童工行动主义，而不是现在; 2）来自“南方”而不仅仅是“西方”的反对者; 3）被忽视的不同对手（从精英慈善家到劳工运动，从公民社会到跨国组织），它们的动机和运动（包括媒体和跨国组织作为交流平台的作用）。该项目创新性地将定性比较和错综复杂的历史方法与传记和以媒体为重点的方法相结合，其主要成果（专著）将是从全球角度讲述美洲世纪初反童工行动主义的第一部历史，通过10位来自里约/圣保罗和纽约市的不同地方但又在国家和全球范围内错综复杂的主角的传记进行叙述。就像一台相机，它从他们的传记（私人）和当地背景（城市）放大到国家和全球层面（废除童工作为一项全球运动），使项目可行。这些模范活动家不是仅仅积累关于两个国家案例的知识，而是在更广泛的背景下进行的。虽然该项目将在区域（全球而不是“西方”术语）和主题（反对者，动机，运动）方面推进童工反对的历史，但它也建设性地参与了对全球历史方法（包括劳工和社会运动的子领域）的批评，认为它有可能压制地方或社会特性（多样性）。该项目以全球童工反对者为重点，将为全球废除童工的更广泛历史做出贡献。