Analysis of ras genes mutations in human hepatic, biliary and pancreatic malignant tumors

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The ras gene is one of the oncogenes most commonly detected in human cancers, and it consists of three families (H-ras, K-ras,N-ras). There genes are concerted to active oncogenes by point mutations occurring in either codon 12,13,or 61. We analyzed mutation of there codons in primary hepatic malignant tumors and panceatic cancers by a method to directly sequence nucleotides, using polymerase chain reaction and a direct sequencing method. There were no point mutations in any of hepatocellular carcinomas or hepatoblastoma around codon 12,13,or 61 ras genes. In contrast, there were point mutations in the all pancreatic cancers.