Ernst Mach and the idea of "Physical Phenomenology"

恩斯特·马赫和“物理现象学”的思想

• 批准号: 04610001
• 负责人: NOE Keiichi
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: Tohoku University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1992 至 1993
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04610001/
• 关键词: physical phenomenology; sensuous elements; transcendental phenomenology; phenomenalism; pure description; mechanistic world-view; economy of thought; positivism; 感性的要素一元論; 思惟経済; 科学哲学; 反実在論

Ernst Mach's "Physical Phenomenology" is a project which eliminates all the metaphysical categories (substance, causality, absolute motion and so on) from a system of physics, and investigates physical laws by means of purely describing complexes of elements in accordance with the economy of thought. This idea is supported by his radical criticism of the mechanistic world-view which dominated scientific reseaches in the nineteenth century. Mach's conceptual reexamination of Newtonian mechanics made way for Einstein's relativity theory, and at the same time stimulated the movement of "Logical Positivism" which finally developped into Analytic Philosophy.On the other hand, Mach's idea of "Phenomenology" influenced on Husserl's philosophical thought and contributed the formation of "Transcendental Phenomenology." Both Mach and Husserl have the same methodological attitude to put their heart into describing the phenomena as fundamental data. But Mach's "Physical Phenomenology" is no more than the "mundane phenomenology" which is based on natural attitudes. At this poit, Husserl criticized Mach's position as "biological relativism" and built up his transcendental phenomenology by introducing the very procedure of "Phenpmenological Reduction".In these circumstances, Mach's "Physical Phenomenology" was transformed into Analytic Philosophy by way of the "Linguistic Turn" on the one hand, and metamorphosed into Transcendental Phenomenology by passing through the "Transcendental Turn" on the other. Therefore Mach's philosophical achievement should be reevaluated as an origin of the twentieth century philosophy.

马赫的“物理现象学”是一项从物理学体系中排除一切形而上学范畴（实体、因果、绝对运动等），按照思维的经济性，纯粹通过描述元素的复合体来研究物理规律的工程。这一观点得到了他对主导世纪科学研究的机械论世界观的激进批评的支持。马赫对牛顿力学的概念性反思为爱因斯坦的相对论铺平了道路，同时也激发了“逻辑实证主义”运动，并最终发展为分析哲学;另一方面，马赫的“现象学”思想影响了胡塞尔的哲学思想，促成了“先验现象学”的形成。马赫和胡塞尔都有同样的方法论态度，把他们的心放在把现象描述为基本数据上。但马赫的“物理现象学”不过是建立在自然态度基础上的“世俗现象学”。胡塞尔在这一点上批判了马赫的“生物相对主义”立场，并通过引入“现象学还原”这一程序建立了自己的先验现象学，在这种情况下，马赫的“物理现象学”一方面通过“语言转向”转化为分析哲学，另一方面又通过“先验转向”蜕变为先验现象学。因此，马赫的哲学成就应该被重新评价为世纪哲学的起源。

项目成果

野家啓一 ほか: "岩波講座「現代思想」第X巻『科学論』" 岩波書店(近刊予定), (1994)

野谷圭一等：《岩波讲座“现代思想”第X卷“科学理论”》岩波书店（即将出版），（1994年）

Keiichi Noe^^´: "“The Hermeneutic Turn" in Husserl's phenomenology of language" Human Studies. 15. 117-128 (1992)

Keiichi Noe^^´：“胡塞尔语言现象学中的“诠释学转向””《人类研究》15. 117-128 (1992)。

KEIICHI NOE: "Mach's Relativism vs. Apriorism and the Mechanistic World View." Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Vol.143. 229-241 (1992)

KEIICHI NOE：“马赫的相对主义与先验论和机械世界观。”

Keiichi Noe: "Mach's Relativism vs.Apriorism and the Mechanistic World View" Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. 143. 229-241 (1992)

Keiichi Noe：“马赫的相对主义与先验主义和机械世界观”波士顿科学哲学研究。

Keiichi Noe^^´: "Mach's Apriorism vs. Apriorism and the mechanistic World View" Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. 143. 229-241 (1992)

Keiichi Noe^^´：“马赫的先验论与先验论和机械世界观”《波士顿科学哲学研究》143. 229-241 (1992)。