Narratological Analysis of Sciences and the concept of Truth and Being

“叙事学”的概念源于文学批评的一种理论。但最近它被应用到史学领域，并取得了成功的成果。我的研究目的是将这种方法应用于科学哲学领域，并阐明科学理论的结构。传统的科学哲学主要关注理论的逻辑方面或演绎结构。另一方面，科学理论中的修辞元素几乎被忽视了。但是，在所谓的理论变革发生的“科学革命”时期，科学理论中的“隐喻”和“类比”等修辞元素往往发挥着重要作用。我的研究项目试图通过“叙事学”的概念手段来分析支撑科学理论框架的“隐喻”和“类比”的功能，并对“科学真理”和“理论实体”的概念进行一些阐释。考虑分为以下两部分。首先，通过分析科学解释的覆盖律模型（亨佩尔-奥本海姆模型），证明了在科学假设的形成过程中，不仅逻辑推理不可缺少，修辞要素也不可缺少。从这个角度来看，我们可以重新评价弗朗西斯·培根的科学哲学作为“科学叙事学”的前身。其次，科学的叙事结构体现在宇宙学的双重意义上，即科学观和文化观。后者与我们的“生活秩序”密切相关。我试图恢复宇宙学的文化概念，并重新考虑当代科学的处境。

The concept of "narratology" stemed from a theory of literary criticism. But recently it is applied to the field of historiography and produces successful results. The aim of my inqury is to apply this method to the field of philosophy of science and to elucidate the structure of scientific theories.The traditional philosophy of science has focused its concern mostly on the logical aspect or deductive structure of theories. On the other hand, rhetorical elements in scientific theoris has been almost neglected. But such rhetorical elements as "metaphor" and "analogy" in scientific theories often play an important role in a period of "scientific revolutions"where so-called theory-changes take place. My research project tries to analyze the function of "metaphor" and "analogy" which support a framework of scientific theories through the conceptual device of "narratology" and to throw some light on the very concept of "scientific truth" and "theoretical entity." The consideration falls into following two parts.First, I proved that not only logical inference but also rhetorical elements are indispensable to the formation of scientific hypothesis by means of analysing the covering-law model of scientific explanation (Hempel-Oppenheim model). From such a point of view, we can reevaluate Francis Bacon's philosophy of science as a predecessor of the "narratology of science."Secondly, the narratological structure of science is reflected in the double meaning of cosmology, i. e. the scientific concept and the cultural concept. The latter is closely connected with out "order of life."I try to rehabilitate the cultural concept of cosmology and to reconsider the situation of contemporary sciences.