Narratological Analysis of Sciences and the concept of Truth and Being

“叙事学”的概念源于一种文学批评理论。但近年来，它被应用于史学领域，并取得了成功。传统的科学哲学关注的主要是理论的逻辑方面或演绎结构，而传统的科学哲学关注的主要是理论的逻辑方面或演绎结构。另一方面，科学理论中的修辞成分却几乎被忽视。但是，科学理论中的“隐喻”、“类比”等修辞成分，往往在发生所谓理论变革的“科学革命”时期起着重要作用。本研究试图通过“叙事学”的概念机制来分析“隐喻”和“类比”在支撑科学理论框架中的作用，并对“科学真理”和“理论实体”这一概念本身进行阐释。本文的思考福尔斯分为两个部分：首先，通过对科学解释的覆盖律模型（Hempel-Oppenheim模型）的分析，证明了科学假说的形成不仅需要逻辑推理，而且需要修辞因素。从这个角度出发，我们可以重新评价作为“科学叙事学”前身的弗朗西斯·培根的科学哲学。第二，科学的叙事结构体现在宇宙论的双重意义上，即：e.科学观和文化观。后者与我们的“生活秩序”密切相关。“我试图恢复宇宙学的文化概念，并重新考虑当代科学的状况。

The concept of "narratology" stemed from a theory of literary criticism. But recently it is applied to the field of historiography and produces successful results. The aim of my inqury is to apply this method to the field of philosophy of science and to elucidate the structure of scientific theories.The traditional philosophy of science has focused its concern mostly on the logical aspect or deductive structure of theories. On the other hand, rhetorical elements in scientific theoris has been almost neglected. But such rhetorical elements as "metaphor" and "analogy" in scientific theories often play an important role in a period of "scientific revolutions"where so-called theory-changes take place. My research project tries to analyze the function of "metaphor" and "analogy" which support a framework of scientific theories through the conceptual device of "narratology" and to throw some light on the very concept of "scientific truth" and "theoretical entity." The consideration falls into following two parts.First, I proved that not only logical inference but also rhetorical elements are indispensable to the formation of scientific hypothesis by means of analysing the covering-law model of scientific explanation (Hempel-Oppenheim model). From such a point of view, we can reevaluate Francis Bacon's philosophy of science as a predecessor of the "narratology of science."Secondly, the narratological structure of science is reflected in the double meaning of cosmology, i. e. the scientific concept and the cultural concept. The latter is closely connected with out "order of life."I try to rehabilitate the cultural concept of cosmology and to reconsider the situation of contemporary sciences.