Narratological Analysis of Sciences and the concept of Truth and Being

“叙事学”的概念源于文学批评理论。但近年来，它被应用于史学领域，并取得了成功的成果。本研究的目的是将这一方法应用于科学哲学领域，阐明科学理论的结构。传统科学哲学的关注点主要集中在理论的逻辑层面或演绎结构上。另一方面，科学理论中的修辞因素几乎被忽视了。但科学理论中的“比喻”、“类比”等修辞要素，往往在发生所谓理论变革的“科学革命”时期发挥着重要作用。我的研究项目试图通过“叙事学”的概念装置来分析支撑科学理论框架的“隐喻”和“类比”的作用，以期对“科学真理”和“理论实体”这一概念有所启发。首先，通过对科学解释的覆盖律模型(亨佩尔-奥本海姆模型)的分析，论证了科学假说的形成不仅离不开逻辑推理，而且离不开修辞因素。从这个角度出发，我们可以重新评价培根作为“科学叙事学”的前身的科学哲学。其次，科学的叙事结构体现在宇宙学的双重意义上，即科学概念和文化概念。后者与我们的“生命秩序”息息相关。我试图恢复宇宙学的文化观念，并重新思考当代科学的处境。

The concept of "narratology" stemed from a theory of literary criticism. But recently it is applied to the field of historiography and produces successful results. The aim of my inqury is to apply this method to the field of philosophy of science and to elucidate the structure of scientific theories.The traditional philosophy of science has focused its concern mostly on the logical aspect or deductive structure of theories. On the other hand, rhetorical elements in scientific theoris has been almost neglected. But such rhetorical elements as "metaphor" and "analogy" in scientific theories often play an important role in a period of "scientific revolutions"where so-called theory-changes take place. My research project tries to analyze the function of "metaphor" and "analogy" which support a framework of scientific theories through the conceptual device of "narratology" and to throw some light on the very concept of "scientific truth" and "theoretical entity." The consideration falls into following two parts.First, I proved that not only logical inference but also rhetorical elements are indispensable to the formation of scientific hypothesis by means of analysing the covering-law model of scientific explanation (Hempel-Oppenheim model). From such a point of view, we can reevaluate Francis Bacon's philosophy of science as a predecessor of the "narratology of science."Secondly, the narratological structure of science is reflected in the double meaning of cosmology, i. e. the scientific concept and the cultural concept. The latter is closely connected with out "order of life."I try to rehabilitate the cultural concept of cosmology and to reconsider the situation of contemporary sciences.