A Study of Early Japanese Emigrant Literature in America

在我们研究并分类了Oina Kyuin保存的文件后，我们与我们的合作者合作列出了他的文件清单。此外，在研究了冲之鸟人的文献和全集后，我们能够澄清以下几点：1.关于冲之鸟保存的文献：(1)文献包括165份他自己的手稿、3417份剪报、4卷日记和349封寄给他的信件。(2)他自己的手稿主要是他的简短笔记，其中包含了他的小说、散文、剧本和其他作品的情节。他关于以移民社会为基础的戏剧的文章是重要的。(3)剪报是决定性的，因为我们发现其中许多都没有被收录在冲之鸟的全集中。关于劳工和经济问题、日美关系和政治的文章的剪报尤为重要。(4)我们考察的日记写于1909年至1912年之间。(5)48封信是川岛腾盖写的。作为一个活跃在日本移民社会早期的文学人物，Oina：(1)Oina所说的“移民社会的文学”随着时间的推移而发生变化。(2)Oina描绘了Nisei和Sansei很难遇到的女性。(3)Oina的作品和文章受到了当时动荡的社会状况的显著影响。(4)1919年后，Oina在他的作品中表达了日本移民社会所面临的社会和政治问题。(5)各种日本团体参与形成了西雅图日本社区及其经济发展。

After we studied and classified the documents kept by Okina Kyuin, we made a list of his documents in cooperation with out collaborators. In addition, we were able to clarify the following points, after we studied the documents and The Complete Works of Okina Kyuin :1. On the documents kept by Okina Kyuin :(1) The documents were found to consist of 165 of his own manuscripts, 3,417 newspaper clippings, 4 volumes of his diaries, and 349 letters sent to him.(2) His own manuscripts were mainly his short notes which contained the plots of his novels, essays, scripts and other works. His essays on the plays based on an immigrant society are important.(3) Newspaper clippings are decisive, because we found many of them had not been included in The Complete Works of Okina Kyuin.The clippings of the articles on labor and economic issues, Japan and U.S.relations, and politics are especially important.(4) The diaries which we examined were written between 1909 and 1912.(5) 48 of the letters were sent by Kawashima Tengai.2. On Okina as a literary figure active in the early days of a Japanese immigrant sosiety :(1) What Okina termed "literature in an emigrant society" underwent changes as time passed.(2) Okina depicted women whom Nisei and Sansei would find it difficult to encounter.(3) Okina's works and articles were significantly influenced by the turbulent social conditions of the time.(4) After 1919, Okina expressed in his works social and political problems which a Japanese immigrant society faced.(5) Various Japanese groups participated in forming a Seattle Japanese community and its economic development.