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Legislation by local referendum in the Lander of the Federal Republic of Germany

德意志联邦共和国州地方公投立法

基本信息

批准号：
04620012
负责人：
MURAKAMI Hideaki
金额：
$ 0.51万
依托单位：
Saga University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1992 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In the Federal Republik of Germany, referendum is restricted to two cases for the reorganization of the territory (Art. 29 and 118 of the Basic Law) on the federal level, but most constitutions of the states (Lander), except Berlin, Lower Saxony and Hamburg, provide the system that inhabitants can directly participate in the enactment of law by initiative (Volksbegehren) and referendum (Volksabstimmung). Compared with the system in America and Switzerland, the main features of this legislative system are in the first place that a bill by initiative is not directly put to the referendum, but should be submitted first to the parliament ("indirect initiative"), and secondly that referendum should be held unless parliament passes the bill without an amendment ("conditional compulsory referendum"). For the enforcement of the initiative, the bill should be examined by the state government formally and substantially. This substantial examination is interpreted in theories and judicial precedents to be allowed by the constitution. In the Land Baden-Wurttemberg, the main object-state of this research, this legislative system was denide at the Parliamentary Council in 1954 in consideration of the experiences in the Weimar Era, but with the good experiences in the Land Bavaria and North-Rhine/Westphalia it was introduced in 1974 by the amendment of the constitution. The initiative here is decided by the approval of one sixth of the electorate and the referendum by the majority of votes and one third of electorate. Because of the strict requirements perhaps, this legistative procedure was started only once in 1985. This research is continued concerning the referendum in the communes (Gemeinde) after this report.

在联邦德国，公民投票仅限于联邦一级领土重组的两种情况（《基本法》第29条和第118条），但除柏林、萨克森和汉堡外，大多数州（Lander）的宪法都规定了居民可以通过倡议（Volksbegehren）和公民投票（referendum）直接参与法律制定的制度。与美国和瑞士的立法制度相比，这种立法制度的主要特点是：第一，动议议案不直接提交全民公决，而应先提交议会（“间接动议”）;第二，除非议会不加修改地通过议案，否则应举行全民公决（“有条件的强制性全民公决”）。为了执行该倡议，州政府应正式和实质性地审查该法案。这种实质性的审查在理论和司法判例中得到解释，为宪法所允许。在本研究的主要对象州巴登-符腾堡州，1954年议会理事会考虑到魏玛时代的经验，否定了这一立法制度，但在巴伐利亚州和北莱茵/威斯特伐利亚州取得了良好的经验，1974年通过宪法修正案引入了这一制度。这方面的倡议由六分之一选民的批准决定，公民投票由多数票和三分之一选民决定。也许是因为严格的要求，这一合法程序只在1985年启动过一次。在本报告之后，继续进行关于市镇公民投票的研究。