Phylogenetic study on regulation of water balance by biologically active peptide.

1. 在文文鱼的中枢神经系统中，发现有6个独立的神经系统分别对抗利尿激素（VP）、催产素（OT）、血管紧张素II、胆囊收缩素、尿紧张素I和FMRFamide具有免疫反应性。免疫反应性内皮素-1 （ET-1）和神经垂体激素在大鼠神经叶轴突末端的颗粒内共定位提供了证据。出血或脱水后血浆免疫反应性ET-1水平未发生改变，而免疫反应性VP水平显著升高。在神经叶中，脱水后免疫反应性ET-1含量下降了约50%，但出血大鼠的ET-1含量增加了近3倍。牛蛙视前核和脑垂体均有et -1免疫反应。免疫反应神经元对应于0t免疫反应神经元的亚群。利用[^<125>I]ET-1作为木质素，在牛蛙神经垂体中定位了假定的ET受体。在两种类型的轴突的轴突膜上和这些轴突内发现了最高的密度。研究了牛蛙腺垂体中et样免疫反应性的分布。et -3免疫反应细胞与生长因子相对应。未见et -1样免疫反应性。在饮水充足的日本鹌鹑中，脑利钠肽引起了水摄入量的显著增加，当腹腔或脑室内施用时。腹腔注射ET-1可轻微增加小鼠的饮水量。研究了影响饮酒行为的9种多肽在大鼠皮层下器官（SFO）中的免疫组化分布。在SFO的前外侧区域发现P物质或亮氨酸脑啡肽免疫反应的纤维，而在SFO的尾侧区域检测到神经紧张素和lh释放激素免疫反应的纤维。

1. In the central nervous system of the amphioxus, six separate neuronal systems were found showing immunoreactivity for vasopressin (VP), oxytocin (OT), angiotensin II, cholecystokinin, urotensin I, and FMRFamide, respectively.2. Evidence was provided for the intragranular colocalization of immunoreactive endothelin-1 (ET-1) and neurohypophysial hormones in the axon terminal of the rat neural lobe.3. Plasma levels of immunoreactive ET-1 were not altered following hemorrhage or dehydration, whereas those of immunoreactive VP were remarkably increased. In the neural lobe, the immunoreactive ET-1 contents decreased by about 50% after dehydration, but increased nearly three-fold in hemorrhaged rats.4. ET-1-immunoreactivity was found in the preoptic nucleus and the neurohypophysis of the bullfrog. Immunoreacted neurons corresponded to a subpolpulation of 0T-immunoreactive neurons.5. Putative receptors for ET were localized autoradiographically in the bullfrog neurohypophysis using [^<125>I]ET-1 as a lignad. The highest densities were found on the axon membrane of two types of the axon, and within these axons.6. The distribution of ET-like immunoreactivity was studied in the bullfrog adenohypophysis. ET-3-immunoreactive cells were found to correspond to somatotrophs. ET-1-like immunoreactivity was not detected.7. Brain natriuretic peptide elicited a significant increase in water intake, when administered intraperitoneally or intracerebro-ventricularly, in the water-replete Japanese quail. Intraperitoneal injection of ET-1 slightly enhanced water intake.8. Immunohistochemical distribution of nine peptides, which are able to affect drinking behavior, was investigated in the rat subfornical organ (SFO). Fibers immunoreactive for substance P or Leu-enkephalin were found in the anterolateral area of the SFO, whereas fibers immunoreactive for neurotensin and LH-releasing hormone were detected in the dorsocaudal region of the SFO.