Application of Natural Restoration Systems of Canopy Gap to Improvement of Coppice Stand

集约利用的矮林分的冠层树种密度较低。此外，不同林分的树种、大小和年龄组成以及繁殖来源（如乔木和种子）也各不相同。因此，通常的做法是不能将矮林转变为高林的。首先，我们关注了早期的再生阶段，这一阶段允许几个物种共存。结合自然混交林的光环境，分析了树木的分布规律和树龄结构。杉木主要在树桩周围和因树桩连根拔起而扰动的土壤上产生传染性。山毛榉在土壤上再生具有传染性，但丛内再生较为均匀。连根拔起后形成的土丘为甲藻提供了良好的栖息地，使其摆脱矮竹的压制。自然再生系统通常是多物种的。在恢复系统中，我们必须考虑天然林中幼苗和树苗生态性状的差异。在林业实践中，应将其应用于多树种更新。其次，阐明了山毛榉/橡树次生林恢复过程中冠层发育与树干生长模式的关系。因此，我们建议在小树冠的树干会聚处进行疏伐。如果在小树冠汇聚处不存在高质量的茎，则群切可能是一种合适的方法。在这种情况下，群的大小应该与小冠收敛的估计大小相联系。它将给次生林带来不均匀的结构。

A coppice stand which had been utilized intensively contained lower densities in canopy tree species. Furthermore, specie, size and age compositions, and also the reproductive origins, such as coppice and/or seed, are various in each coppice stand. Therefore, coppice stands can not be converted into high forests by common practics.Firstly, we focussed on the early regeneration phase in the gaps which allow several species to coexist. The dispersion pattern and also size and age structure of saplings were analyzed in concerning with the light environments in natural mixed forest.Japanese cedar which mainly established contagious around the stumps and on disturbed soil due to uprooting stumps. Beech regenerated on the soil contagious but intra-clump was rather uniform. The mounds which were created by uprootings provide a good habitat for A.turbinata escaping form suppression of dwarf bamboo.Natural regeneration systems are typically multi-species. In the restoring system, we have to consider the differences of ecological traits of seedlings and saplings revealed in natural forests. They should be applied to multi-spscies regeneration in practical forestry.Next, we clarified the relation between canopy development and stem growth patterns in restoring process of beech/oak secondary forest. As a result, we recommended that thinning in coppice stand should be done where the stem with small crown converged. If the high-quality stems are not exist in a small crown convergence, group cutting may be a suitable method. In this case, group size should be connected with the estimated size of small crown convergence. It will bring un-evenaged structure to the secondary forests.