Updating Risk: Motivational Preparedness Factors of Risk Perceptions, Risk Taking, and Coping Through Self-Regulation

基于我们第一个资助期关于动态风险感知和风险承担的动机决定因素的结果，我们将继续研究人们如何科普重大事件。我们将根据个人的心态（准备）针对不同的影响。我们将探讨通过诱导心态的个人准备的变化是否会影响丰富的信息和动机干预的开放性。此外，我们还将研究如果-那么计划如何帮助人们减轻不同领域（例如，在工作包1中，我们将继续在实验室中研究PEC循环轨迹（即，球囊锚固风险任务中的风险承担，BART）。更具体地说，我们将探讨影响穷人与影响丰富的反馈信息的作用（即，关键事件本身的变化），以系统地验证新的，纳入影响的心态理论的预测。为此，我们将实验性地操纵BART中的暴露和通过心态诱导的准备。在工作包2中，我们将进一步理解心态诱导对应对危险饮酒个体的动机干预的影响。我们建立在我们的观察，实施的心态与动机访谈的结合影响实际的风险行为，但不风险的看法。我们将在学生样本中设计与酒精相关的风险认知的新评估。此外，我们将针对潜在的潜在过程（例如，在工作包3中，我们将研究外部和内部对风险承担的影响是否可以通过以任务绩效为中心的“如果-那么”计划进行自我调节。我们期望这些计划成为处理重大事件风险的有益应对工具。在一个实验中，我们将给予一定剂量的睾酮，并研究其对BART中的风险承担以及社会风险承担的影响。在另外两项研究中，我们将关注令人不快的背景噪音和偶然的愤怒对冒险行为的影响。我们的研究问题涉及到是否这些影响，虽然有意识的意识之外的操作，可以自我调节的任务绩效为重点的如果-那么plannes.In一般情况下，P6侧重于应对风险暴露的动态方面。它与P1“传染性风险感知”和P8“病理性风险”的动机干预对信息处理的心态的影响有着共同的兴趣。通过我们在调查酒精消费和激素对风险承担的影响方面的重叠，我们将分别从与P4“风险准备”和P9“压力风险”的交流中进一步受益匪浅。

Building on our results of the first funding period regarding the motivational determinants of dynamic risk perception and risk taking, we will continue to investigate how people cope with exposure to critical events. We will target the different influences of affect depending on the individual’s mindset (preparedness). We will explore whether changes in the individual preparedness through the induction of mindsets influences the openness for affect-rich information and motivational interventions. Moreover, we will investigate how if-then plans can help people to mitigate external influences on risk taking in different domains (e.g., social, health).In Work Package 1, we will continue our work on PEC cycle trajectories in the laboratory (i.e., risk taking in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task, BART). More specifically, we will explore the role of affect-poor versus affect-rich feedback information (i.e., changes in the critical event itself) to systematically validate new, affect-incorporating predictions of mindset theory. To this end, we will experimentally manipulate exposure in the BART and preparedness by mindset inductions.In Work Package 2, we will advance our understanding of the effects of mindset induction on coping with motivational interventions in hazardously drinking individuals. We build on our observation that the combination of implemental mindsets with motivational interviewing influences actual risk behavior but not risk perceptions. We will devise new assessments of alcohol-related risk perceptions in student samples. Furthermore, we will target potential underlying processes (e.g., resistance to change, commitment), as well as compensation and generalization effects by including the assessment of alternative substances.In Work Package 3, we will investigate whether external and internal influences on risk taking can be self-regulated by task performance focused if-then plans. We expect such plans to be a beneficial coping tool for dealing with exposure to the critical events. In one experiment, we will administer a dose of testosterone and investigate its effect on risk taking in the BART as well as social risk taking. In two other studies, we will focus on the effects of unpleasant background noise and incidental anger on risk taking. Our research question pertains to whether these effects, although operating outside of conscious awareness can be self-regulated by task performance focused if-then plans.In general, P6 focuses on the dynamic aspects of coping with risk exposures. It shares the interest in the effects of mindsets on information processing with P1 ‘Contagious Risk Perception’ and on motivational interventions with P8 ‘Pathological Risk’. Through our overlaps on investigating alcohol consumption and hormonal influences on risk taking, we will further benefit greatly from an exchange with P4 ‘Prepared for Risk’ and P9 ‘Stress Risk’, respectively.