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Studies on Utilization of Marine Bacterial Functions Using Immobilized Cells

利用固定化细胞研究海洋细菌功能的利用

基本信息

批准号：
04660222
负责人：
SUGAHARA Isao
金额：
$ 1.34万
依托单位：
Mie University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1992 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1. In order to utilize marine bacterial functions, an attempt to isolate useful microorganisms was made. Among 2687 strains of heterotrophic bacteria isolated, 37 strains of starch-decomposing bacteria, 13 strains of casein-decomposing bacteria and 1 strain of tributyrin-decomposer were selected. It was very difficult to isolate purely microalgae (oxygen generators) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Among 897 strains of nitrogen-scavenging bacteria isolated, 5 strains having high ammonia-assimilating activity were selected.2. The growht rate of nitrogen-scavenging bacteria increased with increasing in NH_4C1 concentration. The NH_4C1-affinity for growth of nitrogen-scavenging bacteria was very high, i.e. Ks value was 5.70 muM.3. The optimum pH and temperature for ammonia uptake activity of kappa-carrageenan-immobilized cells of nitrogen-scavenging bacteria were pH 5-7 and 40ﾟC,respectively. The activity also increased with increasing in NH_4C1 concentration. The optimum pH and temperature for ammonia uptake activity of polyacrylamide gel-immobilized cells of nitrogen-scavenging bacteria were pH 7 and 30ﾟC,respectively. The efficientcy of ammonia removal from water was depended upon the amounts of immobilized cells gel.4. In order to apply nitrogen-scavenging ability for complete removal of nitrogen in water, the model water treatment system was prepared. Nitrogen-scavenging bacteria rapidly decomposed organic matter and effectively removed ammonia from water. The ability to uptake NH_4^+ by immobilized cells was comparative to that by free suspended cells.

1.为了更好地利用海洋细菌的功能，进行了有益微生物的分离。从分离到的2687株异养菌中，筛选出37株淀粉分解菌、13株酪蛋白分解菌和1株三丁酸甘油酯分解菌。分离纯微藻(氧气产生器)和氨氧化细菌是非常困难的。从分离到的897株清氮菌中，筛选出5株氨同化活性较高的菌株。清氮菌的生长率随NH_4Cl浓度的增加而增加。清氮菌对NH_4Cl的亲和力很高，Ks值为5.70µm~3。卡巴卡拉胶固定化固氮菌的最适pH为5~7，最适温度为40ﾟC。该酶的活性也随NH_4Cl浓度的增加而增加。聚丙烯酰胺凝胶固定化细胞吸氨活性的最适pH为7，最适温度为30ﾟC。固定化细胞凝胶对水中氨氮的去除效果取决于固定化细胞凝胶的数量。为了充分发挥除氮能力，实现对水中氮的完全去除，研制了模型水处理系统。除氮菌能迅速分解有机物，有效去除水中的氨。固定化细胞吸收NH4+的能力与游离悬浮细胞相当。