Studies on Utilization of Marine Bacterial Functions Using Immobilized Cells

1.为了利用海洋细菌的功能，进行了分离有用微生物的尝试。从分离到的2687株异养细菌中筛选出37株淀粉分解菌、13株酪蛋白分解菌和1株三丁酸甘油酯分解菌。分离纯微藻（氧气发生器）和氨氧化细菌非常困难。从897株氮清除细菌中筛选出5株具有较高氨同化活性的细菌.随着NH_4C1浓度的增加，氮清除细菌的生长速率也随之增加。NH_4Cl-对氮清除细菌生长的亲和力很高，即Ks值为5.70 μ M。K-卡拉胶固定化细胞吸氨活性的最适pH为5-7，最适温度为40 ℃。随着NH_4C1浓度的增加，酶活性也增加。聚丙烯酰胺凝胶固定化细胞吸氨活性的最适pH为7，最适温度为30 ℃。固定化细胞凝胶的用量对氨氮的去除效果有很大影响.为了充分利用生物脱氮能力，实现对水中氮的完全去除，制备了模型水处理系统。除氮细菌能迅速分解有机物，有效去除水中的氨。固定化细胞吸收NH_4^+的能力与游离悬浮细胞相当。

1. In order to utilize marine bacterial functions, an attempt to isolate useful microorganisms was made. Among 2687 strains of heterotrophic bacteria isolated, 37 strains of starch-decomposing bacteria, 13 strains of casein-decomposing bacteria and 1 strain of tributyrin-decomposer were selected. It was very difficult to isolate purely microalgae (oxygen generators) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Among 897 strains of nitrogen-scavenging bacteria isolated, 5 strains having high ammonia-assimilating activity were selected.2. The growht rate of nitrogen-scavenging bacteria increased with increasing in NH_4C1 concentration. The NH_4C1-affinity for growth of nitrogen-scavenging bacteria was very high, i.e. Ks value was 5.70 muM.3. The optimum pH and temperature for ammonia uptake activity of kappa-carrageenan-immobilized cells of nitrogen-scavenging bacteria were pH 5-7 and 40ﾟC,respectively. The activity also increased with increasing in NH_4C1 concentration. The optimum pH and temperature for ammonia uptake activity of polyacrylamide gel-immobilized cells of nitrogen-scavenging bacteria were pH 7 and 30ﾟC,respectively. The efficientcy of ammonia removal from water was depended upon the amounts of immobilized cells gel.4. In order to apply nitrogen-scavenging ability for complete removal of nitrogen in water, the model water treatment system was prepared. Nitrogen-scavenging bacteria rapidly decomposed organic matter and effectively removed ammonia from water. The ability to uptake NH_4^+ by immobilized cells was comparative to that by free suspended cells.