Fail Successfully. On the significance of spin-offs for construction at the end of the high modern age

拟议的扩建项目是基于“钢铁建筑”项目的结果。钢铁工业创新体系中的预制钢（复合）房屋（1920 -1970）。预制钢结构房屋的起源提出了当代技术建筑研究在设计、建筑物理和化学方面的挑战。尽管在市场上建立预制钢结构房屋失败了，但与之相关的部分创新可以被视为一个成功的故事。这种现象在创新研究中被称为衍生，是该研究项目的重点。与创新历史有关的一项研究发现是，混合复合材料的发展作为创新过程的附带产物- -最初由钢铁工业发起- -与新的混合即跨部门创新系统的形成密切交织在一起。在元历史层面上，这一现象及其对从失败的创新过程中成功衍生产品的长期扩散的意义将被研究。这些过程还没有被研究人员系统地研究过。该项目有助于这种方法的概念扩展。由于其内容集中在建筑行业，它重构了一个混凝土混合创新系统的先前未知的细节。中观层面的核心研究成果是由参与监管的机构的分化形成的（机构衍生），这远远超出了材料检测办公室。它们代表着对预制房屋部门的控制，但也代表着新测试程序的发展和标准化（方法技术衍生品）。与此同时，新形式的大规模生产的建筑部件出现了（建设性衍生品），这反过来又影响了建筑许可程序。在微观历史层面上，可以看到夹层的建造方法和元素之间的连接设计被转移到商业建筑的各个领域，并为高度现代性的轻钢建筑（建设性的衍生）获得了本构特征。参与开发钢（复合）房屋的演员被任命为大学教授，将知识转化为教学，从而塑造了结构钢工程土木工程师的设计（学术衍生品）。该项目有助于更好地理解历史的创新性，并允许更清晰地勾勒出高度现代性结构工程历史的坐标系统。它构成了SPP“捕捉与分类”专题领域的重要组成部分，并为从历史保护的角度重新评价现代建筑提供了依据。

The proposed extension project is based on the results of the project "Building with Steel. Prefabricated Steel (Composite) Houses in the Innovation System of the Steel Industry (1920s-1970s)." The genesis of prefabricated steel houses presented contemporary technical building research with challenges in terms of design, building physics and chemistry. Even though the establishment of prefabricated steel houses on the market failed, the partial innovations associated with them can be seen as a success story. This phenomenon, known in innovation research as spin-off, is the focus of the research project. A research finding relevant to the history of innovation is that the development of hybrid composite materials as spin-offs of the innovation processes - initially initiated by the steel industry - was closely interwoven with the formation of new, hybrid, i.e. cross-sectoral innovation systems. At the metahistorical level, this phenomenon and its significance for the diffusion of successful spin-offs from failed innovation processes in the long term will be investigated. These are processes that have not yet been systematically investigated by researchers. The project contributes to a conceptual extension of this approach. Since its content focuses on the construction industry, it reconstructs the previously unknown specifics of a concrete hybrid innovation system. A central research result at the meso level is formed by the differentiation of institutions involved in regulation (institutional spin-off), which goes far beyond the material testing offices. They stand for the control of the prefabricated house sector, but also for the development and standardization of new test procedures (methodological-technological spin-off). At the same time, new forms of mass-produced building components emerged (constructive spin-off), which in turn affected building permit procedures. On a micro-historical level, it can be seen that the sandwich construction method and the design of the connections of the elements were transferred to various areas of commercial construction and gained constitutive traits for the lightweight steel construction of high modernity (constructive spin-off). Actors involved in the development of the steel (composite) houses were appointed to university professorships, transferred the knowledge into teaching and thereby shaped the design of civil engineers in structural steel engineering (academic spin-off). The project contributes to a better understanding of historical innovativeness and allows to more clearly outline the coordinate system of the history of structural engineering for high modernity. It forms an important building block for the thematic field "Capturing and Classifying" of SPP and provides the basis for re-evaluating high-modern constructions in terms of historic preservation.