The developing history of the self-administrative Autonomy in Modern Austria

为了把握奥地利近代联邦共和制国家体制形成的历史因素，笔者在本年度分析了两个方面：一是以弗里德里希·李斯特的世界通用标准分析19世纪世纪中期奥地利农业的农村土地持有和经营制度（《农业法》，1843），并发现中小自耕农是地方自治的核心，即地方自治团体，另一部分分析了维也纳“居民城“的城市地域结构，并与伦敦的城市地域结构进行了比较，世纪末的巴黎和柏林也在历史的视角下从卡尔大帝最喜爱的宫城亚琛和教皇的宫城阿维尼翁谈起。卡尔大帝的故居现在被两座重要的社会自治建筑--市政厅和大教堂“明斯特”所覆盖。这意味着欧洲的精神不在于中央政治权力，而在于地区性的“社会网络”。

In order to grasp historical elements which make the federal republican state system of modern Austria, I have analyzed this year two points.One analysis concerns to the rural land holding and running system of Austrian Agriculture in the middle of 19th century under the world wide criterion of Friedrich List ("Agrarverfassung"1843) and found that middle and small land holding farmer made the core of local autonomy, that is self-determined local communities, which were also sustained by the parish church.And the other analysis concerns to the urban regional structure of "Residentstadt"Wien, in comparison with that of London, Paris and Berlin at the era of the end 19th century also in a historical perspective from Carl the Great's favorite palace city Aachen and the Pope's palace city Avignon.I have noted that Carl the Great's former palase is now covered two important social autonomous buildings city hall and Dom church "Munster". That means that the spirit of Europe lies not in central political power but in the regional "social network".