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A Study of Neo-grammarians' theory of karaka

新语法学家卡拉卡理论研究

基本信息

批准号：
06610022
负责人：
OGAWA Hideyo
金额：
$ 0.32万
依托单位：
HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06610022/
关键词：
Panini karaka Bhattoji Diksita vyakarana vibhakti Siddiantaumudi Vaiyakaranabhusanasana subartha sadhna Bhattcji Diksita Kaundabhatta

项目摘要

1.According to Neo-grammarians, the meaning of a verbal root is defined as activity conducive to the production of a result (phalanukulavyapara) , whereby a kartr (agent) is considered to be a locus of activity (phalasraya) and a kartr (object) a locus of its result. The idea that a meaning of a verbal root has two aspects : activity and its result may properly be traced back to Patanjali's Mahabhasya.2.Bhattoji Diksita established the theory that meanings of nominal endings are : a locus (asraya) , a starting point (avadhi) , an objective to be aimed at (uddesya) , and relation (sambandha) , finally making meanings of karakavibhakti-s out to be a capacity (sakti, samarthya) for accomplishing an action.3.In the theory of karaka elaborated by Bhartrhari, according to which a karaka which brings an action to accomplishment is a capacity to bring it out, an entity which constitutes the corresponding world to language is viewed as a complex of multiple capacities. In correlation to different actions to be realized, a single entity participating in them can be an agent at one time and an object at another. The notion of a karaka as a capacity enables one to explain various verbal expressions with reference to a single entity by introducing a speaker's intention (vivaksa). The speaker's intention which Katyayana has already justly recognized plays an important role in verbal expression becomes one of the fundamental factors in later development of the karaka-theory.Much still remains to be done concerning the question of how the ontological status of a capacity is thought of by Bhartrhari.

1.根据新语法学家的观点，动词词根的意义被定义为有助于产生结果的活动（phalanukulavyapara），其中kartr（施事者）被认为是活动轨迹（phalasraya），而kartr（对象）被认为是其结果的轨迹。词根的意义有两个方面：活动和结果，这一观点可以追溯到帕坦伽利的《摩诃婆舍耶》。2. Bhattoji Diksita建立了名词性词尾的意义是：一个轨迹（asraya），一个起点（avadhi），一个目标（uddesya），和关系（sambandha），最终使karakavibhakti-s的含义成为一种能力（萨克蒂，samarthya）完成一个动作。3.在Bhartrhari阐述的karaka理论中，根据这一理论，一个使行动得以完成的卡拉卡是一种将行动表现出来的能力，一个构成语言相应世界的实体被视为多种能力的复合体。与要实现的不同动作相关，参与它们的单个实体可以在某个时间是代理，在另一个时间是对象。卡拉卡作为一种能力的概念使人们能够通过引入说话者的意图（vivaksa）来解释与单个实体有关的各种言语表达。说话者的意图（Katyayana已经公正地承认了这一点）在言语表达中起着重要的作用，它成为卡拉卡理论后来发展的基本因素之一。关于能力的本体论地位是如何被Bharthari思考的问题，还有很多工作要做。