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University Attached Research Institutes in Interwar Japan

两次世界大战期间日本的大学附属研究所

基本信息

批准号：
06610269
负责人：
TSUKAHARA Shuichi
金额：
--
依托单位：
National Institute for Educational Research
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C).
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06610269/
关键词：
University attached research institute History of University Japan Center of excellence Science and technolgy policy interwar period 大学附置研究所

项目摘要

Learned a lesson from the science mobilization in World War I,Japan began to reorganize and strengthen the national research and development system. As a part of it, the government established several basic research institutes. Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (Riken) was one of a well known example. Another example was Ad hoc Institute for Nitrogen Research under the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. The third were university attached research institutes.1. The first one was Institute for Epidemics attached to the University of Tokyo. Originally, Institute for Epidemics established as a private institute, then transferred to under the Ministry of Home Affairs, and again transferred to the University of Tokyo. As a result of the history, the organization of this institute was different compare to that of the faculty.2. The second one was Institute for Aeronautics attached to the Universtiy of Tokyo. Aeronautics was a inter-ministry research field which had close relations to the Ministries of Army, Navy and Posts and Telecommunication.3. Institute of Metallurgy attached to the University of Tohoku and Institute of Chemical Research attached to the University of Kyoto were examples outside of the University of Tokyo established early. Both in the field of material science, which was a basic private technology and the basis of many industries. It was a remarkable contrast to the institutes attached to the University of Tokyo, which were basically in the field of public technology.

吸取了第一次世界大战科学动员的教训，日本开始重组和加强国家研发体系。作为其中的一部分，政府建立了几个基础研究机构。物理和化学研究所(Riken)就是一个众所周知的例子。另一个例子是农业和商务部下属的特设氮素研究所。第三类是大学附属研究机构1。第一个是东京大学附属的流行病研究所。最初，疫情研究所是以私人机构的身份成立的，后来转到内务省下属，再转到东京大学。由于历史的原因，这所学院的组织形式与学院的不同。第二个是东京大学附属航空研究所。航空学是一个跨部门的研究领域，与陆军、海军和邮电部关系密切。东北大学附属冶金研究所和京都大学附属化学研究所是成立较早的东京大学以外的例子。无论是在材料科学领域，这是一项基本的私人技术，也是许多工业的基础。这与东京大学附属的研究所形成了鲜明的对比，后者基本上是公共技术领域的。