Evaluation of the Total University System in Japan : A Methodological Study

在本研究中，我们考察了几种适用于评估日本整体大学系统的方法。主要研究结果如下：传统的评价方法，如成本效益分析，通常需要一个绩效的尺度，如果可能的话，一个定量的尺度。然而，如果我们分析一个高层次的总系统，很难找到一个合适的尺度。另一种方法是专家判断。我们以美国大学系统的优秀论文为例进行分析。第三种选择是采用参与式决策方法进行评价。在丹麦发展的协商一致会议的方法中，一个非专业小组在专家小组成员的协助下作出决定或评价。第四部分是历史分析。这是一种事后评价。在日本，对整个大学系统的评估有社会需求和可能的供应，但需求较少。我们的结论是，促进总评估需求的政策是可取的。

In this research, we examined several methods applicable to evaluate the total university system in Japan. The major findings are as follows.1. Traditional evaluation methods such as the cost effectiveness analysis usually requires a scale of the performance if possible a quantitative one. However, it is very difficult to find an appropriate scale if we analyze a high level total system.2. Another method is a expert judgment. We analyzed some excellent publications on a university system published in the U. S. as a case study.3. The third choice is to apply a participatory decision making method to the evaluation. In the method of the consensus conference developed in Denmark, a lay panel makes a decision or a evaluation with the assistance of the expert panel members.4. The fourth is a historical analysis. This is a kind of ex post facto evaluation.5. There would be a social need and a possible supply but less demand for the evaluation of the total university system in Japan.We concluded that the policis to promote a demand for the total evaluation were desirable.