A study on the treatment of Korean and Chinese workers by Japanese companies in the wartime

本研究的目的是为了弄清日本企业在战时如何对待韩国和中国工人。本研究首先提供的信息如下：一般认为，向日本派遣韩国劳动者的方式经历了3个阶段的变化，而后期韩国劳动者被强制劳动的程度有所增加，这种观点值得怀疑。从一开始，日本企业雇用韩国工人就完全依赖于日本驻韩行政当局。因此，日本公司和韩国工人之间没有签订现代雇佣合同，这是日本公司在对待他们时遇到很多困难的根源重工业企业雇用的韩国工人比金属、煤矿等企业雇用的韩国工人要好得多。这种对工人的区别对待影响了对待他们的方式。矿业公司对韩国工人的评价不高，因此矿业公司试图禁止他们的民族特色的习惯和习俗。相比之下，他们的评价很高，公司也更努力地在重工业中培养他们政府想要吸收有帮助的中国工人的计划根本没有实施。当他们到达日本时，他们几乎无法工作，因为他们在前往日本的途中受到了贫困和不卫生条件的伤害。政府制定了中国工人的待遇标准，将他们间接置于中国军官的控制之下，并允许他们保持自己的习惯和习俗。然而，他们对日本公司没有帮助，并使日本公司担心他们反抗的可能性。

The purpose of this research is to make clear how the Japanese companies treated Korean and Chinese workers in the wartime. The information which this research has presented first are following ;1. A common idea that the ways of sending Korean workers off to Japan changed through three stages and that Korean workers were forced to labor more in later stages is dubious. The recruitment of Korean workers by Japanese companies had already depended on Japanese administrative authorities in Korea entirely at the beginning. As a result, modern contracts of employment didn't be made between Japanese companies and Korean workers, that was the origin of a lot of difficulties in the treatment of them by Japanese companies.2 Korean workers who were recruited by heavy industry companies were generally much better than ones by metal and coal mines. Such differentiations of workers influenced the ways of the treatment of them. Korean workers were not rated highly as the labor forces in the mine companies, so the mine companies tried prohibiting their habits and customs which originated from their national characteristics. In contrast to it, they were rated highly and companies made more efforts to train them in the heavy industry.3 The plan by the government intending to take helpful Chinese workers was not carried out at all. They could work hardly when they arrived in Japan because they had hurt by poverty and insanitary conditions on the way to Japan. Government made out the criteria of the treatment of Chinese workers, in which they were to be treated indirectly under the control of the Chines military officers and to be permitted to maintain their habits and customs. However they were not helpful for Japanese companies and made Japanese companies to fear the potential of their revolts.