Umbrella Proposal for the HALO-(AC)³ Mission: Arctic Air-Mass Transformations During Warm Air Intrusions and Marine Cold Air Outbreaks

到目前为止，对北极气团变化的观测大多是从固定的当地位置进行的。在有限的区域范围内，只有少数几次飞机上的气团性质取样报告。这种欧拉观点不允许沿着其纬向路径观测气团的变化过程，而这是模式验证所必需的。因此，我们提出了一个准拉格朗日方法以下的空气质量和从北极观察的空气质量的转换过程中，暖空气入侵和冷空气爆发，我们专注于暖空气入侵，这已经观察到在过去少得多。这种准拉格朗日方法需要一个长续航力的机载设施，它可以携带必要的设备进行观测。HALO以其卓越的耐力和高提升能力最适合这些观测。

So far, observations of air-mass transformations in the Arctic have mostly been conducted from a fixed local position. Only few aircraft-based samplings of air-mass properties over a limited regional area have been reported. This Eulerian point of view does not permit the observations of air-mass modifying processes along their meridional pathway, which are required for model validations. Therefore, we propose a quasi-Lagrange approach following air-masses to and from the Arctic to observe the air-mass transformation processes during warm air intrusions and cold air outbreaks, whereby we focus on warm air intrusions, which have been observed much less frequently in the past. This quasi-Lagrange approach requires a long-endurance airborne facility, which may carry the necessary equipment for the observations. HALO with its exceptional endurance and high lifting capacity is most suited for these observations.