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Open-Channel Flow Control by Vegetation and Artificial Roughness and Hydraulic Design of Multi-Function Channels

植被和人工粗糙度明渠流量控制及多功能渠道水力设计

基本信息

批准号：
06650558
负责人：
TSUJIMOTO Tetsuro
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
Kanazawa University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06650558/
关键词：
Flow with vegetation Artificial roughness Open-channel flow Hydraulic design Strip roughness Secondary flow Cellular motion Lateral diffusion 開水路乱流多機能水路数値解析

项目摘要

Recently, river improvement should be planned to refine various functional aspects of rivers such as flood control, more efficient water resources utilization, recreational or leisure usage of rivers, well-conserved ecological situation, aquatic habitat and so on. And to achieve such multi-functions, the flow and river morphology should be more skillfully managed or controlled based on hydraulics and mechanics of sediment transport.In this study, control of cellular motion by oblique arrangements of strip roughness and promotion of lateral diffusion by arrangement of vegetation zone have been focused. Cellular motion helps straight navigation of boat and canoe, or removed snow lumps by secondary flow motion, or it gathers floating garbage to remove them by side overflow. Furthermore, it even changes the primary velocity profile. Stream-type fish way is an example of the latter. While, the promoted lateral diffusion works to decrease the turbidity of the main channel by trapping it to the vegetation zone.In this study, various types of approaches have been employed : laboratory experiments, field measurements and numerical analysis as well as simplified hydraulic understanding of the phenomena. The mechanism of formation of cellular motion by obliquely arranged strip roughness on bed and/or side walls and promotion of lateral diffusion by vegetation zone have been understood at several levels. The experiment has provided empirical relations and they have been supported by numerical analysis. And, they must be useful for hydraulic design of multi-functional streams.

近期，河流治理应规划细化河流的各个功能方面，如防洪、更高效地利用水资源、河流的康乐或休闲利用、养护良好的生态状况、水生栖息地等。而要实现这一多功能，必须以水力学和输沙力学为基础，更巧妙地管理或控制水流和河势。本研究的重点是通过倾斜布置条带粗糙度来控制细胞运动，并通过布置植被带来促进横向扩散。细胞运动有助于船和独木舟的直航，或通过二次流运动清除雪块，或收集漂浮的垃圾通过侧溢清除它们。此外，它甚至改变了一次速度分布。溪流型鱼道就是后者的一个例子。在这项研究中，采用了各种方法：实验室实验、现场测量和数值分析，以及简化了对这一现象的水力理解。通过在床和/或侧壁上倾斜排列的条带粗糙度形成细胞运动的机制以及植被带促进横向扩散的机制已经在多个层次上被理解。实验提供了经验关系式，并得到了数值分析的支持。对多功能水流的水力设计具有一定的参考价值。