Fundamental Study on the Exergy-Entropy Process of Buildng Environmental Control Systems

传统的建筑环境控制系统的工作原理仅仅是基于能量守恒定律。我们试图把这个理论推广到包括熵产生定律和相关概念（火用）的理论。对冬季一天太阳辐射透过窗户和外墙表面喷水引起的室内空气温度变化进行了简单的实例计算。以下是调查结果。1.（火用）占太阳辐射能的比例在80 ~ 90%之间.长波有效天空辐射所包含的（火用）总是在外墙外表面处产生。日本夏季的太阳辐射量约为1 W/m^2.将湿空气的火用分为暖、冷、湿、干四类。根据这种分类，湿空气中的液态水作为环境，既包含暖火用，也包含冷火用和湿火用。发现蒸发冷却是一个消耗水的湿火用，从而产生冷火用的过程.根据实测的太阳辐射和太阳位置估算了树木的消光系数。提出的方法来估计太阳辐射来通过树进行了测试，对结果的现场测量。太阳辐射估算值与实测值吻合较好。将实测的室内空气温度与计算的室内空气温度进行比较，两者吻合良好.研究发现，地球有一个系统，可以处理地球表面由于太阳能（火用）的消耗而产生的所有熵，用于各种目的，包括被动加热和冷却。

The conventional theories associated with how building environmental conrtol systems work are only based on the law of energy conservation. We have tried to extend the theory into the one which includes the law of entropy generation and the associated concept, exergy. We have made simple example calculation in terms of room air temperature variation caused by solar radiation transmitted through windows on a day in winter and water spraying over exterior wall surfaces. Following are the findings.1. The ratio of the exergy to the energy of solar radiation is between 80 and 90%.2. The exergy contained by the long-wave effective sky radiation always comes at at the outer surface of exterior walls. Its amount is about 1W/m^2 in summer in Japan.3. We classified the exergy of humid air into warm, cool, wet, and dry exergies. According to this classification, the liquid water in humid air as the environment contains either warm or cool exergy and wet exergy. It was found that the evaporative cooling is a process that consumes the wet exergy of water and ther by produce the cool exergy.4. The extinction coefficient for the trees were estimated from the measured solar radiation and the solar position. The proposed method to estimate the solar radiation coming through the tree was tested against the resultof the field measuremant. Solar radiation estimated was in good agreement with that measured. The measured room air temperature was compared with the calculated room air temperature and both temperatures were in good agreement.5. It was found that the earth has a system to dispose of all the entropy generated by the earth surface due to the consumption of solar exergy for various puposes including passive heating and cooling.