A study of changes in architectural design techniques in the course of China's modernization. A compilatioin and analysis of documents pertaining to late Qing dynasty architecture.

中国现代化进程中建筑设计手法的变迁研究

• 批准号: 06650706
• 负责人: FUJIMORI Terunobu
• 金额: $ 1.28万
• 依托单位: University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1995
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06650706/
• 关键词: Chinese architecture; architecture constructed during the Qing Dynasty; design procedures; modernization in architecture; Imperial tombs; architectural production; 清水建築

Following are the results of the research carried out from 1994 to 1995.1.Localization of official documents pertaining to architecture of the Qing Dynasty that can be found in Japan, and compilation of an inventory of the various libraries' and archives' holdings. Of the places surveyed, the archives of Institute of Oriental Culture in Tokyo (Toyo Bunka Kenkyusyo) was found both to contain the greatest and most systematically organized collection of relevant material. Moreover, the National Diet Library was also found to hold a fairly large collection of material.2.Compilation of an inventory of the official documents pertaining to Qing Dynasty architecture found in the Institute of Oriental Culture, and classification of the documents with regard to their history, quantity, contents etc.This collection was originally bought and brought over from China by the Japanese architect Araki Seizo who resided in Beijing 1910-33, and after his death acquired by Toho Bunka Gakuin (presently the … More Institute of Oriental Culture) with the help of the Japanese historian of Chinese architecture Takeshima Takuichi. The collection consists of 416 books, 20 boxes containing written documents, and 50 rolls of architectural drawings, and contain architectural desings, construction calculations and budgets, as well as construction 'diaries' pertaining to all the major Qing construction projects, including Tientan (Temple of Heaven), Huiling (tomb of Emperor Dong-zhi), the Xiling tombs, and Beihai (Winter Palace).3.Through an analysis of the above documents, clarification of the entire design and building processes of the Qing Dynasty as well as identification of characteristcs features was made possible.The building procedures were as follows : Upon the order of the Emperor, the selected lot would be measured, a paper model ('tanyang') made, plans, referred to as 'dibanyang' drawn, and a text, 'zoufa quince' written. A mission would be sent to inspect the work. either during construction or after its completion. For the Imperial palaces and gardens, the Emperor himself would at times make preliminary sketches. The construction would be undertaken by private construction companies, referred to as 'muchang'. Less

以下是1994年至1995年的研究结果：1.日本现存清代建筑文献的本地化，以及各图书馆和档案馆馆藏的目录。在所调查的地方中，东京的东方文化研究所（东洋文化研究所）的档案被发现包含了最大和最有系统地组织的相关材料。此外，国立国会图书馆也收藏了相当多的资料。2.对东方文化研究所所藏清代建筑公文进行了整理，并对这些公文的历史、数量、性质、用途等进行了分类。内容等。该系列最初是由1910-33年居住在北京的日本建筑师荒木清三从中国购买并带来的，在他死后，他被东邦文化学院（Toho Bunka Gakuin）收购。 ...更多信息 东方文化研究所）的帮助下，日本历史学家的中国建筑竹岛拓一。该收藏品包括416本书，20个装有书面文件的盒子和50卷建筑图纸，并包含建筑设计，建筑计算和预算，以及与包括天坛在内的所有主要清朝建设项目有关的建设“日记”（天坛），惠灵（东直皇帝墓），西陵寝，北海通过对上述文献的分析，通过这次展览，我们可以清楚地了解到清代的整个设计和建造过程，以及建筑的特点。建造过程如下：根据皇帝的命令，选定的地段将被测量，一个纸模型（“tanyang”），计划，被称为“dibanyang”绘制，并编写一个文本，“zoufa quince”。将派遣一个使命去视察这项工作。无论是在施工期间还是在完工后。对于皇家宫殿和花园，皇帝有时会亲自绘制初步草图。这项工程将由私营建筑公司承担，被称为“木厂”。少