Basic research on cellular mechanisms of circadian oscillators in vertebrates.

1.比较了体外培养的日本鸣禽、家鸽和家雀松果体细胞褪黑激素释放的昼夜节律。在所有松果体细胞培养物中，褪黑素的释放在暗期增加，在光期低。在DD条件下，在鸽子和家雀松果体细胞中，褪黑激素释放的昼夜节律持续了3-4个周期，而日本鹌鹑细胞则不存在。这些结果强化了鸟类松果体在昼夜节律组织中的作用因物种不同而不同的论点。2.80S核糖体蛋白质合成的抑制剂山奈素6小时脉冲诱导褪黑素释放昼夜振荡的稳态和相依性相移。时相提前和延迟分别出现在昼夜时间(CT)7.9h和CT18.6~4.5h之间。此外，茴香素还阻断了光诱导的位相提前。这些结果表明80s核糖体蛋白的合成参与了正常和轻度…。当盲鼠从有跑轮的笼子转到没有跑轮的笼子时，自由奔跑节律的tau延长。IGL的完全损伤延长了车轮活动节律的tau，但不能延长运动活动节律的tau。当IGL损伤的大鼠从有跑轮的笼子转移到没有跑轮的笼子时，没有观察到进一步的变化。这些结果表明，自由奔跑节律的tau被日常的车轮奔跑活动所改变，但不被运动活动所改变，IGL可能参与了这种改变。4.我们检查了通过皮下植入硅胶管持续给予褪黑素是否加速了运动活动的昼夜节律重新引入到改变的光照周期，并发现大鼠在携带充满褪黑素的硅橡胶植入物时比携带空植入物时需要更少的时间来重新控制到明暗周期的提前或延迟相移。这些结果表明，持续服用褪黑素可加速昼夜活动节律的重新牵引，使其进入新的明暗周期。较少

1.We compared the circadian oscillation of melatonin release from cultured pineal cells in Japanese quail, pigeon and house sparrowin vitro. Melatonin release increased during the dark period and low during the light period in all pineal cell cultures. Under DD conditions, the circadian rhythm of melatonin release persisted for up to 3-4 cycles in pigeon and house sparrow pineal cells, but not Japanese quail cell. These results strengthen the argument that the avian pineal gland's role in circadian organization differs between species.2.Six-hour pulses of anisomycin, an inhibitor of 80S ribosomal protein synthesis, induced steady atate and phase-dependent phase shifts of the circadian oscillation of melatonin release. The phase advances and delays occurred at circadian time (CT) 7.9h and between CT18.6 and 4.5h, respecitively. Furthermore, anisomycin blocked the light-induced phase advance. These results suggest that 80S ribosomal protein synthesis is involved in the normal and light-e … More ntrainment functions of the circadian oscillator in pigeon pineal cells.3.When blind rats were transferred from a cage with a running wheel to a cage without a running wheel, the tau of free-running rhythm lengthened. A complete lesion of the IGL lengthened the tau of the wheel-running activity rhythm, but not, locomotor activity rhythm. When IGL-lesioned rats were transferred from a cage with a running wheel to a cage without a running wheel, no further change was observed. These results indicate that the tau of the free-running rhythm is modified by a daily activity of wheel-running, but not by locomotor activity, and that the IGL may be involved in this modification.4.We examined whether continuous melatonin administration through subcutaneously implanted silastic tubing accelerates reentrainment of circadian rhythms of locomotor activity to shifted illumination cycles, and found that rats required less time to reentrain to an advance or delay phase shift of a light-dark cycle while carrying a silastic implant filled with melatonin than while carrying an empty implant. These results suggest that continuous administration of melatonin accelerates reeentrainment of the circadian locomotor activity rhythm to a new light-dark cycle. Less