Transforming growth factor-beta1 coated beta-tricalcium phosphate pellets stimulate healing of experimental bone defects of rat calvariae

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In an attempt to assess the effect of TGF-beta1-coated beta-TCP pellet grafting on bilateral defects created in rat calvariae, we carried out morphological observations by light microscopy using hematoxylincosin (H-E) staining for histology and detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) and tartrateresistant acid phosphatase (TRACPase) activities for ostcoblastic and osteoclastic cell distribution. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was performed for morphometry of newly formed bone. H-E sections disclosed stronger new bone formation in sites receiving TGF-beta1-coated beta-TCP pellets (experimental sites) than in beta-TCP pellets alone (control sites). On week 4, new bone spots in experimental sites were observed : bone formation occurred from both the periphery and within. The frequency of scquentially arranged TRACPase-positive cells and ALPase-positive cells in experimental sites was higher than in control sites. The bone formation rate calculated by computerized CLSM pixel image analysis confirmed the above findings (9.3(]SY.+-.])1.7% vs. 3.4(]SY.+-.])0.8% on week 2 and 39.8(]SY.+-.])10.9% vs. 11.8(]SY.+-.])2.1% on week 4 ; TGF-beta1-coated beta-TCP pellets vs. beta-TCP pellets). To conclude, TGF-beta1-coated beta-TCP pellet is a recommended synthetic bone graft which promotes bone formation.