New Electrodes Based on Polymer-Brush-Enzyme Decorated Carbon Particles for Electrochemical Bio-Sensing

电流型酶生物传感器的研制对医学诊断、健康监测、环境监测、食品和药物分析等具有重要意义。这种传感器的性能很大程度上取决于如何将酶掺入工作电极中。目前用于掺入酶的方法具有实质性缺点，例如低装载密度、酶变性和制造困难。该项目的总体目标是探索开发用于工作电极的新型生物活性材料的可能性，该工作电极使用聚合物刷，该聚合物刷具有固定在碳颗粒上的酶。碳芯周围的聚合物刷层将允许非常高的酶负载能力。为了实现这一目标，我们将（i）开发将聚合物刷固定在碳颗粒上的方法;（ii）将酶固定在刷中，并研究刷的化学组成、接枝密度、聚合物链的长度对固定化酶的量和活性的影响;（iii）制造电极，研究颗粒结构对印刷颗粒层导电性的影响以及颗粒结构和印刷的影响方法对酶的稳定性和活性的影响，以及（iv）研究颗粒结构对印刷电极电化学行为的影响。所有这些任务都将在IPF和拜罗伊特集团之间的紧密合作下实现。该项目的主要成果是了解从碳颗粒生长的刷层中酶的行为，以及对导电颗粒-刷-酶层形成的层中质量/电荷传输的基本理解。从长远来看，这方面的知识将是非常重要的提高灵敏度的电化学传感器和它们的小型化。

Development of amperometric enzyme-based biosensors is vitally important for medical diagnosis, for monitoring of health and environment, for food and drug analysis. The performance of such sensors strongly depends on way how enzyme is incorporated in the working electrode. The current methods for incorporation of enzymes have substantial drawbacks such as low loading density, denaturing of enzymes and difficulty of fabrication. The general goal of this project is to explore possibilities for the development of novel bioactive materials for working electrodes using polymer brushes with incorporated enzymes immobilized on carbon particles. The polymer brush layer around carbon core will allow very high loading capacity of enzyme. In order to achieve this goal, we will (i) develop method for immobilization of polymer brushes on carbon particles; (ii) immobilize enzymes in the brush and investigate effect of brush chemical composition, grafting density, length of the polymeric chains on the amount and activity of an immobilized enzyme; (iii) fabricate electrodes, investigate effect of particle architecture on electrical conductivity of printed particle layer and effects of particle architecture and printing procedure on stability and activity of enzymes as well as (iv) investigate effects of particle architecture on electrochemical behavior of printed electrodes. All these tasks will be realized in tight collaboration between IPF and Bayreuth groups. The main project output is knowledge about the behavior of enzymes in brush layers grown from carbon particles and fundamental understanding of mass/charge transport in layers formed by conductive particle-brush-enzyme layers. In a long-term perspective, this knowledge will be very important for increasing of sensitivity electrochemical sensors and for their miniaturization.