Neuromagnetic Study on Higher Brain Functions

高级脑功能的神经磁学研究

• 批准号: 06808085
• 负责人: NAMBU Atsushi
• 金额: $ 1.15万
• 依托单位: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience (1995)Okazaki National Research Institutes (1994)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1995
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06808085/
• 关键词: MEG (magnetoencephalography); Motor speech center; Broca's area; Word recognition; Higher brain functions; SQUID (Super conducting Quantum Interference Device)

A non-invasive technique, magnetoencephalography (MEG) measures the magnetic fields originating mainly from the intracellular current flow through the apical dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons, which is caused by excitatory synaptic inputs.In this project, the neuromagnetic activities related to higher brain functions, especially word generation and word recognition were analyzed.(1) Cortical magnetic fields during the preformance of silent word generation task were recorded over the both cerebral hemispheres.Subjects were instructed to perform Japanese word-chain game ("shiritori") continuously without vocalization and to flex their unilateral toes as soon as every new word come up to their mind.Cortical magnetic fields over the both hemispheres were simultaneously recorded using two sets of 37-ch SQUID gradiometer systems (BTi) , and were averaged 100 times on the onset of the toe flexion.In addition to the activation at the midline which corresponds to that of the foot areas of … More the motor and sensory cortex, the activation in the lateral parts of the frontal cortex of both hemispheres was obeserved.This activity preceded the onset of the toe flexion about 400 ms and was not recognized during the simple task of the toe flexion without word generation.These observations indicate that the lateral parts of the frontal cortex were activated during word generation task.(2) Cortical magnetic fields caused by the visual stimulation with Chinese characters ("kanji") were recorded over the both cerebral hemispheres.Visual stimuli of either Chinese characters or pseudo-Chinese characters were presented at random order.Significant polarity reversal with a long latency (around 500 ms) was observed over the both temporal lobes.This response was larger in the case of Chinese characters than in the case of pseudo-Chinese characters.These observations indicate that both temporal lobes were activated after the presentation of Chinese characters, and this activity may be involved in word recognition.These results indicate that neuromagnetic recordings provide an effective and noninvasive approach to elucidate the mechanisms of the integrative brain functions in human subjects. Less

脑磁图（MEG）是一种非侵入性技术，它测量的磁场主要来自皮质锥体神经元顶端树突的细胞内电流，这是由兴奋性突触输入引起的。在这个项目中，我们分析了与高级脑功能相关的神经磁活动，特别是单词生成和单词识别。(1)在默词生成任务执行过程中，记录了两个大脑半球的皮质磁场。实验对象被要求不出声地连续玩日语单词链游戏（shiritori），并在每想到一个新词时弯曲他们的单侧脚趾。使用两套37-ch SQUID梯度仪（BTi）同时记录两个半球的皮质磁场，并在脚趾屈曲开始时平均100次。除了与运动和感觉皮层足部区域相对应的中线激活外，还观察到两个半球额叶皮层外侧部分的激活。这种活动在脚趾屈曲开始前约400 ms，在没有单词生成的简单脚趾屈曲任务中未被识别。这些观察结果表明，在单词生成任务中，额叶皮层的外侧部分被激活。(2)记录汉字视觉刺激引起的大脑皮层磁场。汉字和伪汉字的视觉刺激按随机顺序呈现。在两个颞叶上观察到明显的极性反转和长潜伏期（约500 ms）。这种反应在汉字的情况下比在假汉字的情况下更大。这些观察结果表明，汉字呈现后，双颞叶都被激活，这种活动可能与单词识别有关。这些结果表明，神经磁记录为阐明人类受试者的综合脑功能机制提供了一种有效且无创的方法。少

项目成果

Sasaki K, Gemba H, Numbu A, Matsuzaki R: "Prefrontal activity on no-go decision" Biomagnetism : Fundamental Research and Clinical Applications. 274-277 (1995)

Sasaki K、Gemba H、Numbu A、Matsuzaki R：“不进行决策时的前额活动”生物磁学：基础研究和临床应用。

Nambu A, Takada M Tokuno H, Inase M: "Dual somatotopical representations in the primate subthalamic nucleus : evidence for ordered but reversed body-map transformations from the primary motor cortex and the supplementary motor area." Journal of Neuroscien

Nambu A、Takada M Tokuno H、Inase M：“灵长类动物底丘脑核中的双重体位表征：初级运动皮层和辅助运动区有序但反向的身体图转换的证据。”

Sasaki K.Gemba H,Nambu A,Matsuzaki R: "Prefrontal activity on no-go decision.Baumgarner C,Deecke L,Stroink G,Williamson SJ (eds) Biomagnetism" Fundamental Research and Clinical Applications, Elsevier, Amsterdam. 274-277 (1995)

Sasaki K.Gemba H、Nambu A、Matsuzaki R：“不进行决策时的前额活动。Baumgarner C、Deecke L、Stroink G、Williamson SJ（编辑）生物磁学”基础研究和临床应用，爱思唯尔，阿姆斯特丹。

南部篤: "高次脳機能に関連する脳磁場." 臨床脳波. 37. 219-226 (1995)

Atsushi Nanb​​u：“与高级脑功能相关的脑磁场。”37. 219-226 (1995)

Sasaki K,Kyuhou S,Nambu A,Matsuzaki R,Tsujimoto T,Gemba H: "Motor speech centers in the frontal cortex" Neurosci Res. 22. 245-248 (1995)

Sasaki K，Kyuhou S，Nambu A，Matsuzaki R，Tsujimoto T，Gemba H：“额叶皮层的运动言语中心”神经科学研究。