Neuromagnetic Study on Higher Brain Functions

高级脑功能的神经磁学研究

• 批准号: 06808085
• 负责人: NAMBU Atsushi
• 金额: $ 1.15万
• 依托单位: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience (1995)Okazaki National Research Institutes (1994)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1995
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06808085/
• 关键词: MEG (magnetoencephalography); Motor speech center; Broca's area; Word recognition; Higher brain functions; SQUID (Super conducting Quantum Interference Device)

A non-invasive technique, magnetoencephalography (MEG) measures the magnetic fields originating mainly from the intracellular current flow through the apical dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons, which is caused by excitatory synaptic inputs.In this project, the neuromagnetic activities related to higher brain functions, especially word generation and word recognition were analyzed.(1) Cortical magnetic fields during the preformance of silent word generation task were recorded over the both cerebral hemispheres.Subjects were instructed to perform Japanese word-chain game ("shiritori") continuously without vocalization and to flex their unilateral toes as soon as every new word come up to their mind.Cortical magnetic fields over the both hemispheres were simultaneously recorded using two sets of 37-ch SQUID gradiometer systems (BTi) , and were averaged 100 times on the onset of the toe flexion.In addition to the activation at the midline which corresponds to that of the foot areas of … More the motor and sensory cortex, the activation in the lateral parts of the frontal cortex of both hemispheres was obeserved.This activity preceded the onset of the toe flexion about 400 ms and was not recognized during the simple task of the toe flexion without word generation.These observations indicate that the lateral parts of the frontal cortex were activated during word generation task.(2) Cortical magnetic fields caused by the visual stimulation with Chinese characters ("kanji") were recorded over the both cerebral hemispheres.Visual stimuli of either Chinese characters or pseudo-Chinese characters were presented at random order.Significant polarity reversal with a long latency (around 500 ms) was observed over the both temporal lobes.This response was larger in the case of Chinese characters than in the case of pseudo-Chinese characters.These observations indicate that both temporal lobes were activated after the presentation of Chinese characters, and this activity may be involved in word recognition.These results indicate that neuromagnetic recordings provide an effective and noninvasive approach to elucidate the mechanisms of the integrative brain functions in human subjects. Less

脑磁图（magnetoencephalography，MEG）是一种非侵入性的技术，主要测量兴奋性突触输入引起的大脑皮层锥体神经元顶端树突的细胞内电流所产生的磁场，本研究分析了与大脑高级功能，特别是单词产生和单词识别相关的神经磁活动。(1)本研究记录了被试在安静单词产生任务前大脑半球的磁场变化，并指导被试进行日语单词串游戏用两套37通道SQUID梯度仪系统（BTi），并且在脚趾屈曲开始时平均100次。 ...更多信息 在运动皮层和感觉皮层中，观察到两半球额叶皮层外侧区的激活，这种激活早于屈趾动作开始约400ms，而在简单的屈趾动作中没有被识别，这些观察结果表明，额叶皮层外侧区在词产生任务中被激活。(2)本文记录了汉字视觉刺激在大脑两半球引起的大脑皮层磁场，汉字和伪汉字视觉刺激以随机顺序呈现，在大脑半球出现明显的极性反转和长潜伏期。在两个颞叶上观察到了大约500 ms的反应，汉字的反应比伪汉字的反应大。这些观察结果表明，在汉字呈现后，两个颞叶的激活，这一活动可能参与了字的识别。这些结果表明，神经磁记录提供了一个有效的和非侵入性的方法来阐明整合的大脑功能在人类受试者的机制。少

项目成果

Nambu A, Takada M Tokuno H, Inase M: "Dual somatotopical representations in the primate subthalamic nucleus : evidence for ordered but reversed body-map transformations from the primary motor cortex and the supplementary motor area." Journal of Neuroscien

Nambu A、Takada M Tokuno H、Inase M：“灵长类动物底丘脑核中的双重体位表征：初级运动皮层和辅助运动区有序但反向的身体图转换的证据。”

Sasaki K.Gemba H,Nambu A,Matsuzaki R: "Prefrontal activity on no-go decision.Baumgarner C,Deecke L,Stroink G,Williamson SJ (eds) Biomagnetism" Fundamental Research and Clinical Applications, Elsevier, Amsterdam. 274-277 (1995)

Sasaki K.Gemba H、Nambu A、Matsuzaki R：“不进行决策时的前额活动。Baumgarner C、Deecke L、Stroink G、Williamson SJ（编辑）生物磁学”基础研究和临床应用，爱思唯尔，阿姆斯特丹。

Sasaki K, Gemba H, Numbu A, Matsuzaki R: "Prefrontal activity on no-go decision" Biomagnetism : Fundamental Research and Clinical Applications. 274-277 (1995)

Sasaki K、Gemba H、Numbu A、Matsuzaki R：“不进行决策时的前额活动”生物磁学：基础研究和临床应用。

南部篤: "高次脳機能に関連する脳磁場." 臨床脳波. 37. 219-226 (1995)

Atsushi Nanb​​u：“与高级脑功能相关的脑磁场。”37. 219-226 (1995)

Sasaki K,Kyuhou S,Nambu A,Matsuzaki R,Tsujimoto T,Gemba H: "Motor speech centers in the frontal cortex" Neurosci Res. 22. 245-248 (1995)

Sasaki K，Kyuhou S，Nambu A，Matsuzaki R，Tsujimoto T，Gemba H：“额叶皮层的运动言语中心”神经科学研究。