Coordination Funds

该研究小组探讨了自愿论作为人类实践的驱动力，以及过去和现在社会和政治秩序的运作方式。我们研究小组的一个主要假设是，自愿性具有一种反律结构：作为一种自由行为的行使，它也依赖于多种条件，这些条件支持、期望甚至要求某些类型的行为。在此背景下，九个子项目考察(a)自愿性作为规范，(b)自愿性作为政治参与和经济剥削的资源，以及(c)自愿性作为模式和政治的自由民主合法化的话语策略，毕竟，只有很少的空间留给个人操纵。对自愿性的实证探索增强了我们对人类行为者的历史和政治意义以及他们的政治和社会参与条件的理解。我们的研究兴趣是由自愿性在新自由主义社会的当前意义的启发。随着哲学和社会学子项目探索自愿性作为当代灵活资本主义政治参与和经济产出资源的力量，其他人发展了自愿性的历史谱系。在这里，18世纪末革命时代以来自由民主公民和主体的塑造具有至关重要的意义。这个自由民主的自我意味着要过一种基于自愿参与和对自己和未来有远见的投资的自主生活。我们追寻这种生活形式的痕迹，超越现代社会的历史，回溯到古雅典的历史。然而，我们也在几个方面将民主、自由主义和自愿性的联系“省区化”（D. Chakrabarty），通过要求宗教驱动的中世纪殉难自愿性，要求现代独裁政权的自愿性，以及要求自愿性、非殖民化和移民和遣返的全球政治之间的关系。因此，我们的跨学科研究小组主要由历史学家组成，在政治社会学和实践哲学领域也有中心子项目。我们的分析视角受到政治文化史和治理学研究的启发。我们试图理解自愿性和自愿性实践嵌入在话语、政治范式和概念以及主体形成模式的网络中，所有这些都有助于不同类型的外部行为和自我行为的融合。基于我们的跨学科和实证工作，我们还将为治理和政治文化史的概念辩论做出贡献，并加深对主体和社会如何通过自愿进行治理的理解。

The research group explores voluntarism as a driving force of human practices and as modus operandi of social and political order in the past and present. A leading assumption of our research group is that voluntariness has an antinomic structure: exercised as an act of freedom, it also depends on multiple conditions that endorse, expect, and even demand certain types of behavior. Against this backdrop, nine subprojects examine (a) voluntariness as norm, (b) voluntariness as resource of both political participation and economic exploitation, and (c) voluntariness as discursive strategy for a liberal-democratic legitimation of patterns and politics, which, after all, leave only little room to manoeuver to the individuals. Empirical explorations of voluntariness sharpen our understanding of the historical and political significance of human actors and the conditions of their political and social participation.Our research interest is inspired by the current significance of voluntariness in neoliberal societies. With philosophical and sociological subprojects explore the power of voluntariness as resource for political participation and economic yield in contemporary flexible capitalism, others develop historical genealogies of voluntariness. Here, the shaping of the liberal democratic citizen and subject since the age of revolution in the late 18th century is of crucial significance. This liberal and democratic self was meant to lead an autonomous life based on voluntary engagement and foresighted investment in themselves and their future. We follow the traces of this form of life beyond the history of modern societies as far back in time as to the history of ancient Athens. Yet we also “provincialize” (D. Chakrabarty) this nexus of democracy, liberalism and voluntariness in several respects, by asking for religiously driven voluntariness in medieval martyrdom, for voluntary participation in modern dictatorships, as well as for the relation of voluntariness, decolonization, and the global politics of migration and repatriation. Accordingly, our interdisciplinary research group consists of mostly historians, with central subprojects also in the fields of political sociology and practical philosophy.Our analytical perspective is inspired by the cultural history of the political and by governmentality studies. We seek to understand voluntariness and voluntary practices as embedded in a network of discourses, of political paradigms and concepts, and of modes of subject formation, all contributing to an amalgamation of different types of external conduct and self-conduct. Based on our interdisciplinary and empirical work, we will also contribute to the conceptual debate on governmentality and the cultural history of the political and sharpen the understanding of how subjects and societies are governed through voluntariness.