Understanding the molecular traits of multi-organismic communication in beneficial tree-microbe associations

了解有益的树木-微生物关联中多生物体通讯的分子特征

• 批准号: 445525687
• 负责人: Professor Dr. J. Philipp Benz
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung Experimentelle Umweltsimulation (EUS)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/445525687?language=en
• 关键词: Understanding; molecular; traits; multi; organismic

In natural environments, plants and fungi do not live in isolation but are in continuous interaction with each other. Communication processes between them are vital for the fate of their interactions. These occur through signaling compounds such as fungal- and root-derived sugars or volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Plant VOCs are well known to be involved e.g. in deterring herbivores or attracting predators, but recently more evidence highlights the importance of VOCs also in rhizosphere ecology. Most studies so far, however, have concentrated on bilateral systems, thereby neglecting the complexities of more natural, multi-organismic scenarios. Therefore, questions such as how additional partners might change the communication, and which the mechanistic changes are – particularly in the establishment state, are far from being understood. The overall aim of the present proposal is to decipher the VOC- and carbohydrate-mediated communication of a woody host plant (Populus x canescens) in association with per se plant-beneficial fungi represented by Trichoderma harzianum and the ecto-mycorrhiza Laccaria bicolor. The chosen tripartite interaction is highly relevant since the partners are all very common, share habitats, and similar interactions will frequently occur in the wild. However, due to the biocontrol ability of Trichoderma and the associated fungal antagonism, the fate of the interaction is completely unpredictable so far, making the interaction an excellent model to study inter-species communication between symbiosis and parasitism. The first goal is to achieve a detailed overview regarding the pathways and molecular factors involved in the inter-species communication and recognition in the early establishment phase of the system on a whole-genome level. Candidates and factors known to be involved will subsequently be studied by the analysis of corresponding mutants in Trichoderma. Moreover, to understand the VOC-based communication of the individual partners, we will analyze the volatile profiles over the establishment state of the relationship. Recently, it was shown that poplar, upon detection of fungal VOCs, adjust its redox balance and root architecture. Thus, the plant internal signaling upon perceiving VOCs from the mutualistic partner(s) will be further deciphered. Moreover, only little is known about the response of filamentous fungi to root volatiles. To this end, we will study the physiological and transcriptional response of Trichoderma upon exposure to poplar- and Laccaria-derived volatiles. Potential applications for the knowledge gained through this project are improved concepts for reforestation or phytoremediation of contaminated sites using combinations of woody plants and plant-beneficial fungi. Importantly, the current association of groups with profound expertise in fungal and plant molecular biology and physiology is unique and perfectly tailored to the challenges of this project.

在自然环境中，植物和真菌并不是孤立地生活，而是不断地相互作用。它们之间的沟通过程对它们之间的互动至关重要。这些发生通过信号化合物，如真菌和根衍生的糖或挥发性有机化合物（VOC）。众所周知，植物挥发性有机化合物参与例如阻止食草动物或吸引捕食者，但最近更多的证据强调了挥发性有机化合物在根际生态学中的重要性。然而，到目前为止，大多数研究都集中在双边系统，从而忽视了更自然的，多器官的情况下的复杂性。因此，诸如额外的合作伙伴如何改变沟通，以及哪些机制性变化-特别是在建立状态下-等问题还远未被理解。本提案的总体目标是破译的VOC和碳水化合物介导的通信的木本宿主植物（白杨x canescens）与本身植物有益的真菌哈茨木霉和外菌根Laccaria双色为代表。选择的三方互动是高度相关的，因为合作伙伴都是非常常见的，共享栖息地，类似的互动将经常发生在野外。然而，由于木霉的生物控制能力和相关的真菌拮抗作用，到目前为止，相互作用的命运是完全不可预测的，使得相互作用成为研究共生和寄生之间种间通讯的极好模型。第一个目标是在全基因组水平上详细概述系统早期建立阶段物种间通信和识别所涉及的途径和分子因素。随后将通过分析木霉中相应的突变体来研究已知参与的候选物和因子。此外，为了理解各个合作伙伴基于VOC的通信，我们将分析关系建立状态的易变配置文件。最近的研究表明，白杨在检测到真菌挥发性有机物后，会调整其氧化还原平衡和根系结构。因此，从互利合作伙伴那里感知到挥发性有机化合物后的植物内部信号将被进一步破译。此外，只有很少的丝状真菌根挥发物的反应所知。为此，我们将研究木霉的生理和转录反应后，暴露于白杨和漆树衍生的挥发物。通过这一项目获得的知识的潜在应用是改进重新造林的概念或使用木本植物和植物有益真菌的组合对受污染场地进行植物补救。重要的是，目前在真菌和植物分子生物学和生理学方面具有深厚专业知识的团体的协会是独特的，完全适合这个项目的挑战。