Formation and maintenance mechanisms of the Arctic stratus cloud studied by observations and models, and its impact to the Arctic climate system

通过观测和模型研究北极层云的形成和维持机制及其对北极气候系统的影响

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    14204043
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 36.52万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    日本
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
  • 财政年份:
    2002
  • 资助国家:
    日本
  • 起止时间:
    2002 至 2005
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

In 2002 and 2004, we had conducted specially designed observations of the Arctic stratus cloud (ASC) and precipitation cloud systems in the Arctic Ocean. Major findings are as follows : Comparing the theoretical and observed intensity of solar radiation, we found that about 30 % of solar radiation was absorbed or scattered by aerosols and gases. When the depth of ASC was larger than 500 m, 60 % of solar radiation was absorbed by ASC. Number density of aerosols above the low level cloud was much larger than that below it. Usually sensible and latent heat fluxes near the sea surface were very small. However, both upward turbulent heat fluxes and downward CO2 flux increased very large when the cold air outbreak occurred. From the C-band Doppler radar data, which is the most unique data sets, we studied mesoscale features of precipitation cloud systems and vertical distribution of precipitation over the Arctic Ocean. We classified synoptic disturbances into two types, that is, (1) Polar low and (2) North pacific. The height of former type was less than 5 km, and that of latter type was higher than 8 km. Most of precipitation was found to be brought by the former system. The Arctic stratus cloud also showed two types, that is, (1) Cellular convection and (2) Stratiform types. Their horizontal structures are consistent with simulations done by a high-resolution numerical model. From the huge data sets of high sensitive cloud-radars, we succeeded in making statistics of multi-layer stratification of the Arctic stratus cloud. We also succeeded in retrieving size distribution of cloud droplets of the Arctic Stratus cloud by combining Lidar-Radar data. Both cloud layering and size of cloud droplets are indispensable for study the climate impact of the Arctic stratus cloud. In addition to this, we discussed seasonal variation of moisture transport in polar regions and the relation with annular modes by using ECMWF data.
2002年和2004年,我们对北冰洋的北冰洋层云和降水云系进行了专门设计的观测。主要发现如下:比较太阳辐射的理论强度和观测强度,我们发现大约30%的太阳辐射被气溶胶和气体吸收或散射。当ASC深度大于500m时,60%的太阳辐射被ASC吸收。低层云上方的气溶胶数密度远大于其下方的气溶胶数密度。通常海面附近的感热和潜热通量很小。然而,当冷空气爆发时,向上的湍流热通量和向下的CO2通量都有很大的增加。利用最具特色的C波段多普勒雷达资料,研究了北冰洋降水云系的中尺度特征和降水的垂直分布。我们将天气扰动分为两类,即(1)极低和(2)北太平洋。前者身高小于5公里,后者高于8公里。发现大部分降水是由前一系统带来的。北极层流云也有两种类型,即(1)细胞对流型和(2)层状型。它们的水平结构与高分辨率数值模式的模拟结果一致。从海量的高灵敏度云雷达数据中,我们成功地对北极层云的多层分层进行了统计。结合激光雷达资料,成功地反演了北极层状云的云滴大小分布。对于研究北极层状云的气候影响,云的分层和云滴的大小都是不可或缺的。此外,我们还利用ECMWF资料讨论了极地地区水汽输送的季节变化及其与环空模式的关系。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(34)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Fog bow, halo, and snow crystals observed during the cruise of the research vessel "MIRAI" in the Arctic Ocean
“MIRAI”号科考船在北冰洋巡航期间观测到的雾弓、光晕和雪晶
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2003
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Y.Fujiyoshi;K.Yoshida
  • 通讯作者:
    K.Yoshida
Shear instability wave along a snowband : Instability structure, evolution, and energetics derived from dual-Doppler radar data.
沿着雪带的剪切不稳定波:来自双多普勒雷达数据的不稳定结构、演化和能量学。
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2005
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Kawashima;M.;Y.Fujiyoshi
  • 通讯作者:
    Y.Fujiyoshi
The effects of nonsphericity and variation in ice crystal bulk density on 95 GHz cloud radar signals, IRS 2004
非球形度和冰晶体积密度变化对 95 GHz 云雷达信号的影响,IRS 2004
研究観測船「みらい」による北極航海中に見られた霧虹とハローと雪結晶
Mirai 研究观测船北极航行期间看到的雾气彩虹、光晕和雪花
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2003
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    藤吉康志;吉田一穂
  • 通讯作者:
    吉田一穂
Aircraft observations of air mass modification in the upstream region of the Sea of Japan during cold-air outbreaks
冷空气爆发期间日本海上游地区气团变化的飞机观测
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2005
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Inoue;J.;M.Kawashima;Y.Fujiyoshi;M.Yoshizaki
  • 通讯作者:
    M.Yoshizaki
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FUJIYOSHI Yasushi其他文献

FUJIYOSHI Yasushi的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('FUJIYOSHI Yasushi', 18)}}的其他基金

Detectability of thickness of sea ice using 3D-scanning radar
使用 3D 扫描雷达可检测海冰厚度
  • 批准号:
    24654148
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    $ 36.52万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research
Establishment of short-term forecasting system of sea-ice area assimilating Doppler radar data
同化多普勒雷达数据的海冰区短期预报系统的建立
  • 批准号:
    21241045
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 36.52万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
Short-term and accurate measurement of gust, lightning and heavy rainfall around Osaka-plain, and improvement of their forecasting method
大阪平原周边阵风、雷电、暴雨的短期准确测量及其预报方法的改进
  • 批准号:
    10308015
  • 财政年份:
    1998
  • 资助金额:
    $ 36.52万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
Change of size distribution of snowflakes caused by melting-disintegration process
融化-崩解过程引起的雪花尺寸分布的变化
  • 批准号:
    04640413
  • 财政年份:
    1992
  • 资助金额:
    $ 36.52万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)

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Collaborative Research: Humidity and Temperature Effects on Phase Separation and Particle Morphology in Internally Mixed Organic-Inorganic Aerosol
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