Experimental and evolutionary ecological studies of pollination and reproductive systems using QTL mapping

使用 QTL 作图对授粉和生殖系统进行实验和进化生态学研究

基本信息

批准号：
14204077
负责人：
YAHARA Tetsukazu
金额：
$ 35.11万
依托单位：
KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

We carried out two projects on plant reproductive systems one on pollination systems of Hemerocalis and the other on sexual systems of Eupatorium.While Hemerocalis fulva flowers at daytime and have reddish flowers without fragrance, a related species H.citrina flowers at night and have yellow flowers with fragrance. H.fulva is pollinated by butterflies and bees, and H.citrina is pollinated by nocturnal hawkmoths. Although the two species show conspicuous differentiation in floral traits, their hybrids are fertile, providing an extraordinary opportunity for studying genetic backgrounds of floral adaptation to different pollinators.We crossed the two species and obtained F1 and F2 hybrids. In addition, we developed microsatellite markers and ESTs for QTL mapping.Genetic analyses revealed that difference in flowering time is mostly controlled by single gene, the daytime flowering being dominant. Anthocyanin biosynthesis in petals of H.fulva is also determined mostly by single gene with a large phenotypic effect.By searching candidate genes responsible for the contrasting floral traits among ESTs, we determined homologues of CHS (chalcon synthase gene) and MYB (transcription factor controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis) in Hemerocalis.In a hybridizing population of H.fulva and H.citrina in the field, we observed natural selection on floral traits by various pollinators during four years. Reflecting yearly fluctuation of availability of diurnal and nocturnal pollinators, direction of natural selection on various floral traits fluctuated between years.In the Eupatorium project, coevolution between geminiviruses and sexual and asexual plants of Eupatorium was studied. We discovered satellite DNA from leaves of asexual plants of Eupatorium and confirmed that geminivirus with satellite DNA can cause yellow vein disease in Eupatorium. The result is published on Nature.

我们在植物生殖系统上进行了两个项目，一个项目在白天的授粉系统上，另一个在白天的sepatorium fulva fulva花上的性系统上进行，而没有香气的红色花朵，夜间有相关的花朵，晚上花了h.citrina花，并带有黄色的花朵。 H.fulva受到蝴蝶和蜜蜂的授粉，H.Citrina被夜间霍克莫斯授粉。尽管这两个物种在花卉性状上表现出显着的分化，但它们的杂种是肥沃的，为研究花卉适应对不同传粉媒介的遗传背景提供了非凡的机会。我们越过了这两个物种并获得了F1和F2杂种。此外，我们开发了用于QTL映射的微卫星标记和EST。遗传学分析表明，开花时间的差异主要由单个基因控制，白天开花占主导地位。 H.fulva的花瓣中的花青素生物合成也主要由具有较大表型效应的单个基因决定。通过搜索负责ESTS之间对比的花卉性状的候选基因，我们确定CHS（Chalcon合酶基因）和MyB（转录型群均构成杂酶）的CHS同源物（Chalcon Synthase Gene）的同源物。 H.fulva和H. Citrina在该领域，我们观察到四年来各种传粉媒介对花卉特征的自然选择。研究了昼夜和夜间传粉媒介的每年波动，在几年之间自然选择的自然选择方向。我们发现了爵士无性植物叶子的卫星DNA，并确认带有卫星DNA的双子座病毒会在Eupatorium中引起黄静脉疾病。结果发表了自然。