A Study on Deinstitutionalization and Community Living of Persons with Disabilities

1.研究目的：了解澳大利亚、挪威、荷兰和日本的社区搬迁过程以及各国为支持社区生活所采取的措施，并进行比较研究。2.研究方法：2004 - 2005年进行访谈调查。在这四个国家中，每个国家都采访了20名经历过机构化但现在生活在社区的残疾人、10名家庭成员和10名工作人员，并对结果进行了定性分析。3.研究重点：比较各国的调查结果，研究个性化搬迁支援方案的制定和社区生活支援系统的类型4.结论：通过对安置点在制度化、搬迁和独立安置方面存在的问题和问题的分析，得出以下结论 ...更多信息 从微观、中观和宏观层面对残疾人社区的生活进行分析：（1）如果要根据残疾人的希望和愿望进行搬迁，我们需要建立一个在过程中充分反映他们意见的制度和一个充分的支持系统。（2）院舍作为残疾人士的居所，在结构上存在一些固有的问题，即支援的中心是员工的小组管理需要，而非住客的需要，住客的意见被忽略，住客在这样的居住环境中感到焦虑和不快。(3)To为了避免社区生活中的小型机构化，核心原则必须是根据所服务的残疾人的意见和需要提供个人支助。这将需要增加社区生活支助人员，缩小住所面积和活动规模。（4）有必要成立自我倡导团体，并支持这些团体，还需要对提供支持的人进行再教育。（5）日本必须为国内所有居住机构制定和实施一项有明确期限的社区搬迁计划，并为社区生活支助拨款，以加快向社区搬迁的步伐。还必须颁布禁止和防止歧视残疾人的法律和法令。少

1.Study Objectives : To understand the process of relocation to the community in Australia, Norway, Holland and Japan and the measures being taken to support community living in each country and to conduct a comparative study of the same.2.Study Method : Interview surveys were conducted from 2004 to 2005. Twenty people with disabilities who had experienced institutionalization but now live in the community, 10 family members and 10 staff members were interviewed in each of the four countries and a qualitative analysis of the results was undertaken.3.Focus of Study : The survey results for each country were compared in order to study the formulation of individualized relocation support programs and the type of community living support system required for relocated residents to become integrated members of the local community after relocation.4.Conclusions : The following conclusions were reached through analysis of the problems and issues in institutionalization, relocation and independ … More ent community living at the micro, mezzo and macro levels : (1)If relocation is to be based on the hopes and aspirations of people with disabilities, we need to establish a system that adequately reflects their views in the process and an adequate support system. (2)Institutions have certain structurally inherent problems as residences for the disabled ; namely, support is centered on the needs of the staff for group management not on the needs of the residents, the opinions of residents are ignored, and residents feel anxious and unhappy in such a living environment. (3)To avoid mini-institutionalization in community living, the core principle must be individual support based on the opinions and needs of the disabled people being served. This will require an increase in community living support staff and a reduction in the size of residences and the scale of activities. (4)There is a need to hold self-advocacy groups and to support such groups as well as a need to reeducate those who provide support. (5)Japan must draw up and implement a community relocation plan with clear deadlines for all residential institutions in the country and allocate funds for community living support in order to accelerate the pace of relocation to the community. Laws and ordinances prohibiting and preventing discrimination against the disabled must also be enacted. Less