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Central mechanism of the organization for the visuo-motoer co-ordinations under the altered gravity environment

重力环境改变下视觉运动协调组织的中心机制

基本信息

批准号：
15203029
负责人：
KOGA Kazuo
金额：
$ 21.55万
依托单位：
Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

We, human beings, have been adapted to the gravity environment on the earth and our motor behavior supported by sensory system has been tuned up for the gravity specific form. (Yves, Koga et al., 1993) Moving a leg to walk, pointing outside somewhere by the finger, turning a neck to the sound source, and looking for something with eyes by controlling extraocular muscles, are all well organized under the 1G condition. When humans are exposed to an environment with altered gravity conditions, this programmed behavior must be change ; that is, it is reprogramming. Unusual induced gravity situations, such as rotation, linear acceleration, and parallel swinging, (Guedry, 1965, Lackner, 1977) have also been investigated. Visually induced motion sensation or distorted perception has been evaluated with respect to visual stability by many investigators (Rock & Halper, 1968, Lackner & Ashton, 1981, Allison et al.1998, Howard, 1986, Yves, 1993, Young et al.1983, Koga, 1992, 1998, 2000, Higashiya … More ma & Koga, 1998, 2002). These studies are all concerned with the effect of gravity and the induction motion sickness through human visual perception. Direct investigations under microgravity, such as parabolic flight, Skylab., and Spacelab, have been conducted. (Young et al.1986) These studies not only focused on how human visual stability is established through various sensory afferent in specific gravity conditions but also related with the SAS (Space Adaptation Syndrome). The interaction of visual, vestibular and somatosensory perception is smoothly coordinated under the normal gravitational condition of Earth in our daily life. Another difficulty to keep our healthy life under the microgravity should be noted here. SAS(Space Adaptation Syndrome) is the one which human beings suffers under the micro-gravity environments. Visual environments including human body axis changed in both exocentric and egocentric axis. The acute change of input caused by altered gravity causes non-adaptive syndrome when human reaches micro-gravity environment which is called SAS. The chapter has no aim to describe the subject in detail here, but it should be taken into account to consider entire human adaptive behavior in space. Less

我们人类已经适应了地球上的重力环境，我们的运动行为由感觉系统支持，已经调整为重力特定形式。(Yves，古贺等人，1993年）移动一条腿走路，用手指指向外面的某个地方，把脖子转向声源，通过控制眼外肌用眼睛寻找东西，在1G条件下都组织得很好。当人类暴露在重力条件改变的环境中时，这种程序化的行为必须改变;也就是说，它是重新编程。还研究了不寻常的诱导重力情况，如旋转、线性加速度和平行摆动（Guedry，1965年，Lackner，1977年）。许多研究者已经就视觉稳定性对视觉诱导的运动感觉或扭曲感知进行了评估（Rock & Halper，1968，Lackner & Ashton，1981，Allison等，1998，霍华德，1986，Yves，1993，Young等，1983，古贺，1992，1998，2000，Higashiya ...更多信息 ma和古贺，1998，2002）。这些研究都是关于重力的影响和通过人类视觉感知诱发运动病。在微重力条件下进行直接研究，如抛物线飞行、天空实验室，和太空实验室的实验已经进行了（Young et al.1986）这些研究不仅关注在特定重力条件下人类视觉稳定性是如何通过各种感觉传入建立的，而且还与SAS（空间适应综合征）有关。在我们日常生活中，视觉、前庭和体感感知的相互作用在地球正常的重力条件下是平稳协调的。在微重力下保持我们健康生活的另一个困难应该在这里指出。空间适应综合症（SAS）是人类在微重力环境下所患的一种空间适应综合症。视觉环境包括人体轴在离心轴和自我轴上的变化。当人类到达微重力环境时，由于重力变化而引起的输入急剧变化会引起非适应综合征，称为SAS。本章不打算在这里详细描述这个主题，但它应该考虑到考虑整个人类在空间中的适应行为。少