Cooperative human visuo-motor behavior under the micro-gravity

微重力下人类视觉运动合作行为

• 批准号: 07551013
• 负责人: KOGA Kazuo
• 金额: $ 4.54万
• 依托单位: Nagoya University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07551013/
• 关键词: eye movement; vision; visual perception; microgravity; 協応運動; 可塑性; 宇宙; 無重力; 運動知覚; 知覚異常; 眼球運動

On earth, 1-gravity condition allows for locomotor balance whereby eye and body motion including head movements works together in a coordinated manner. One such movement indispensable to locomotor coordination is referred to as the vstibular-ocular-reflex (VOR). Motion coordination among each body muscle makes the visually perceived world quite stable during complex human body movement. Eye movement is relatively fine, fast, and small in motion compared to other muscle movements of the body. When the eye pursues amoving target, the physically fixed target is perceived as if it moved, and the moving target is perceived as a fixed one. This is a good example of illusory motion perception caused by the extra ocular muscle itself. In most cases, only the target velocity is modified by eye movement. However the target motion pathway is also modified in some cases. The human body has the three dimensions of freedom under zero gravity which may cause more illusory visual perception than on the earth. Studies on the frequency and intensity of space motion sickness have evaluated the unusual, induced gravity situations such as rotation, linear acceleration, and parallel swinging. Visually induced motion sensation or distorted perception has been evaluated with respect to visual stability by many investigators. Visual, vestibular and somatosensory perception is smoothly coordinated under normal gravitational conditions of the earth in our daily lives. How humans obtain visual stability even with postural changes on the ground has been investigated. Visual stability can be categorized as static or dynamic. Static visual stability is concerned with orientation, and dynamic stability is concerned with motion perception. Visual stability is modified by many other sensations, such as somatosensory, vestibular, and muscle tension. I will mainly focus on modifications by vestibular inputs to visual perception produced by eye movement in microgravity.

在地球上，1-重力条件允许运动平衡，其中眼睛和身体运动包括头部运动以协调的方式一起工作。运动协调不可或缺的一种运动被称为前庭眼反射（VOR）。在复杂的人体运动中，人体各肌肉之间的运动协调使视觉感知世界相当稳定。与身体的其他肌肉运动相比，眼睛运动相对精细、快速和小。当眼睛追逐移动的目标时，物理上固定的目标被感知为移动的目标，而移动的目标被感知为固定的目标。这是由眼外肌本身引起的错觉运动知觉的一个很好的例子。在大多数情况下，只有目标速度被眼睛运动修改。然而，在某些情况下，目标运动路径也被修改。人体在零重力下具有三维自由，这可能导致比地球上更虚幻的视觉感知。对空间运动病的频率和强度的研究已经评估了不寻常的、诱发的重力情况，如旋转、线性加速度和平行摆动。许多研究者已经就视觉稳定性对视觉诱导的运动感觉或扭曲知觉进行了评价。在我们日常生活中，视觉、前庭和体感感知在地球正常重力条件下平稳协调。人类如何获得视觉稳定性，即使在地面上的姿势变化进行了研究。视觉稳定性可以分为静态和动态。静态视觉稳定性与定向有关，动态视觉稳定性与运动知觉有关。视觉稳定性受到许多其他感觉的影响，如躯体感觉、前庭和肌肉紧张。我将主要关注微重力条件下前庭输入对眼动产生的视觉感知的影响。

项目成果

古賀一男: "有人宇宙活動と人の感覚運動系" 日本航空宇宙学会誌. 43. 8-12 (1995)

古贺和夫：“载人航天活动和人类感觉运动系统”日本航空学会杂志 43. 8-12 (1995)。

井尻憲一,大坪孔治,河崎行繁,古賀一男,高林彰,最上善広,柳原大,山下雅道: "小型生物衛星を用いたライフサイエンス実験" 平成6年度宇宙基地利用基礎実験費研究成果報告書. 191-204 (1995)

Kenichi Ijiri、Koji Otsubo、Yukishige Kawasaki、Kazuo Koga、Akira Takabayashi、Yoshihiro Mogami、Dai Yanagihara、Masamichi Yamashita：“利用小型生物卫星进行生命科学实验”1994年基本实验基金空间站利用研究成果报告.191-204（1995年） ）

Koga K: "Parabolic flight and the cardiovascular system" NASDA Contract Report. 18-23 (1996)

Koga K：“抛物线飞行和心血管系统”NASDA 合同报告。

Higashiyama A: "Apparent body tilt and postural aftereffect" Perception and Psychophisics. (In press).

东山 A：“表观身体倾斜和姿势后效应”知觉和心理物理学。

古賀一男: "宇宙基地基礎実験費「小型生物衛星を用いたライフサイエンス実験」報告書" 平成4-6年度宇宙基地利用基礎実験費研究成果報告書. 1-250 (1995)

Kazuo Koga：“关于空间站基础实验基金‘使用小型生物卫星的生命科学实验’的报告”FY 1992-1999关于空间站基础实验基金的研究结果报告1-250（1995）。