Evaluation of cerebral activity by means of measuring blood flow and physiological polytypism from the viewpoint of physiological anthropology

近年来，在生理人类学领域，人们利用近红外光谱（NIRS）无创测量血流动力学变化来估计脑血流量，以评估脑活动。本研究旨在从生理多肽的角度揭示前额叶脑活动对技术适应性评价的适用性。向被试解释了实验的步骤，并取得了他们的知情同意。我们发现血流动力学变化可分为五种不同的模式。近红外光谱显示大脑活动的相对变化。另一方面，时间分辨光谱（TRS）显示个体大脑活动的绝对值。我们积累了个体前额叶绝对脑活动的基础数据，并将脑活动测量应用于玩游戏、操作工业品等。经验丰富的游戏玩家在玩竞赛游戏时前额叶活动绝对值下降较多，这与先前PET和fmri的研究结果一致。我们研究了脑血流量在评价工业产品操作技术适应性中的适用性。女性在从菜单中选择正确的食物方面表现得很快，前额叶的大脑活动也比男性低。研究了驾驶过程中青壮年与老年人前额叶区脑活动的差异。经验不足的年轻人在开车时比经验丰富的年轻人表现出更大的前额叶大脑活动增加。老年人在休息时的前额叶活动低于年轻人，在开车时的前额叶活动与年轻人相差不大。虽然从生理多型性的角度考察技术适应性需要测量大脑其他区域以及前额叶等参数，但通过测量脑血流动力学变化来评价技术适应性是可能的。少

Recently, cerebral blood flow has been estimated by non-invasive measurement of hemodynamic changes in order to evaluate the cerebral activity using the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in the filed of physiological anthropology. Present research was conducted to reveal the applicability of prefrontal cerebral activity to evaluate technological adaptability from the viewpoint of physiological polytipism. The procedure of the experiment was explained to the subjects and informed consent was obtained from them.1. We revealed that hemodynamic changes could be divided into five different patterns. The NIRS shows relative changes of cerebral activity. On the other hand, the time resolved spectroscopy (TRS) shows the absolute value of individual cerebral activity. We accumulated the fundamental data of individual absolute prefrontal cerebral activity, and applied cerebral activity measurement for playing game, operating industrial products and etc.2. Absolute value of prefrontal activity of … More the experienced game player decreased while playing race game which consisted with the results of previous study using PET and fMRI.3. We investigated the applicability of cerebral blood flow in evaluating the technological adaptability for operating industrial products. Females showed to be quick in making decision to select the right one from the menu of many items and showed lower prefrontal cerebral activity than males.4. We investigated the difference of cerebral activity of prefrontal region between young adults and elderly during driving. The less experienced young adults display a greater increase in prefrontal cerebral activity than do the experienced young adults during driving. Prefrontal cerebral activity in elderly subjects is lower than that of young adults at rest and shows little variation than young adults during driving.Although, we need to measure other cerebral regions together with prefrontal region and other parameters to investigate technological adaptability from the viewpoint of physiological polytypism, it is possible to evaluate the technological adaptability by means of measuring cerebral hemodynamic changes. Less