Evaluation of function in Island and coral reef ecosystems with reference to the effect of human activities

从生态系统功能、动物生态学、森林生态学、环境化学、地质学、环境经济学、环境哲学等方面对冲绳岛礁生态系统的功能进行了综合评价。利用组织脂肪酸谱的生物标志物鉴定底栖动物的食物来源，这些生物标志物在受人类活动影响的栖息地积累了特征来源。生境的变化和人类活动的直接影响对野生猫科动物的生态和种群趋势产生了负面影响。另一方面，琉球飞狐可以利用城市化环境扩大其分布范围。冲绳岛北部的亚热带常绿阔叶林由四个建筑层组成。森林的物种多样性主要依赖于下层的小树。因此，可以得出结论，保护下层小树，特别是底层小树，是维持冲绳常绿阔叶林高度多样性不可或缺的。当大量红土流入河水和海水时，溶液pH值降低，Al从红土中溶解，溶液中Na、K、Ca、Mg浓度降低，澄清了系统中的其他化学特性。按重置成本法估计，珊瑚礁作为天然防波堤的经济价值约为每年8320.7亿美元。在某海洋休闲场所进行的实况调查显示，从事海洋休闲活动的人和来冲绳参加海洋休闲活动的游客对环境保护的意识都很高，他们愿意为珊瑚礁的保护付费。此外，地质方面和哲学方面也有助于讨论人类活动对珊瑚礁和岛屿生态系统的影响。

Integrated analyses including ecosystem function, animal ecology, forest ecology, environmental chemistry, geology, environmental economy, and environmental philosophy were conducted to evaluate the function of island and coral reef ecosystems in Okinawa. Food sources of benthic animals were identified using biomarkers of fatty acid profiles of tissue, which accumulated characteristic sources in a habitat affected by human activities.Habitat change and direct effects by human activities negatively affected the ecology and population trend of felid species, Iriomote cat. On the other hand, the Ryukyu flying-fox could extend their distribution by utilizing the urbanized environments.A subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest in the northern part of Okinawa Island consisted of four architectural layers. The lower layers contained many species of smaller height High species diversity of the forest depended on the small trees in the lower layers. Therefore, it may be concluded that the conservation of the small trees in the lower layers, especially the bottom layer, is indispensable to maintain the high diversity of Okinawan evergreen broadleaf forests.When a huge amount of red soil flows into the river water and seawater, pH of the solutions decreases, Al dissolves from the red soil and concentrations of Na, K, Ca and Mg decrease in the solutions and other chemical characteristics in the system were clarified.Economic value of coral reef as natural breakwaters was estimated to be about \83,270,000,000 per year by Replacement Cost Method. A fact-finding research on some site for marine recreation showed that people who engage in marine leisure activities and tourists coming to Okinawa to join these recreations are highly oriented to environmental conservation, and they are willing to pay for protection of coral reefs. Also, geological aspects and philosophical aspects were useful for the discussion on the effect of human activities on coral reef and island ecosystems.