Revisiting and Redrawing the Eastern Mediterranean : Ethnic and Sectarian Conflicts and Human Mobility

重新审视和重新绘制东地中海:种族和宗派冲突与人员流动

• 批准号: 16201049
• 负责人: KUROKI Hidemitsu
• 金额: $ 23.38万
• 依托单位: Tokyo University of Foreign Studies
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2004 至 2007
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16201049/
• 关键词: Mediterranean; Nationalism; Religious Sectarianism; Security; Modern History; Islam; The Middle East; The Balkans; 国際政治; イスラム

The Eastern Mediterranean has enjoyed a long history of inter-regional exchange, having sophisticated systems of movement both on sea and land. The area has developed highly plural and complex societies open to outsiders who wished to migrate to and settle at the land of the oldest civilization. The Eastern Mediterranean people have kept high human mobility (integration of geographical and social mobility). On the other hand, throughout the modern periods, they have experienced various ethnic and sectarian conflicts, such as the Palestine Question, civil wars of Lebanon and former Yugoslavia, division of Cyprus, etc. For the sublation of the two contradicting phenomena, we introduced a key notion of "protection." The Arab Bedouins have a long tradition to protect persons coming into their territories in accordance with contracts. This pre-Islamic-rooted customs of building security with the Other were adopted by Islamic states in the Eastern Mediterranean. The Ottoman Empire established unilateral relationship with European countries which implored to be given the Capitulations from the Sultans. Basing on the Islamic Laws, the Ottoman Sultans assured all the human beings' security in the domain, and those Ottoman subjects who were employed by the European diplomats were not exception. The turning point for the beginning of national/ethnic/sectarian conflicts in the area was when the European powers succeeded in usurping the right of protection of Ottoman non Muslims by distorting the articles of the Capitulation. This trend continues until the 21st century; France still claims its special relationship with Lebanese Catholic population. The fact that Palestinians today have no "protector"-the international laws are not applied to them-requires the urgent necessity to establish a new protecting system, which must be based on the observance of civil rights and sustainable against political violence. "Human Security" may have a degree of potential.

东地中海有着悠久的区域间交流历史，拥有复杂的海上和陆地运输系统。该地区已发展出高度多元化和复杂的社会，向那些希望移民到最古老文明的土地上定居的外来者开放。东地中海人民一直保持着较高的人员流动性（地理和社会流动性的结合）。另一方面，近代以来，它们经历了各种民族、宗派冲突，如巴勒斯坦问题、黎巴嫩和前南斯拉夫内战、塞浦路斯分裂等。为了扬弃这两种矛盾现象，我们引入了一个关键概念“保护”。阿拉伯贝都因人有着保护按照合同进入其领土的人员的悠久传统。这种与他者建立安全关系的前伊斯兰习俗被东地中海的伊斯兰国家所采用。奥斯曼帝国与欧洲国家建立单方面关系，恳求苏丹给予投降书。奥斯曼苏丹以伊斯兰教法为基础，保证领地内所有人的安全，那些受雇于欧洲外交官的奥斯曼臣民也不例外。该地区民族/民族/教派冲突开始的转折点是欧洲列强通过歪曲投降条款成功地篡夺了奥斯曼帝国非穆斯林的保护权。这种趋势一直持续到21世纪；法国仍然声称与黎巴嫩天主教徒有特殊关系。今天的巴勒斯坦人没有“保护者”——国际法不适用于他们——这一事实要求迫切需要建立一个新的保护体系，该体系必须建立在尊重公民权利和可持续反对政治暴力的基础上。 “人类安全”可能具有一定程度的潜力。

项目成果

Democratization and Islamic Movements in Turkey

土耳其的民主化和伊斯兰运动

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: Popular Movements and Democratization in the Islamic World, ed. Masatoshi Kisaichi
• 作者: Nakamoto;A;Yasushi Hazama
• 通讯作者: Yasushi Hazama

オムドウルマーンお娘たち-19世紀スーダンのマフデイー運動と女性

乌姆德乌尔曼的女儿们 - 19 世纪苏丹的马赫迪运动和妇女

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: 『新しいアフリカ史像を求めて-女性・ジェンダー・フェミニズム』御茶ノ水書房(富永智津子, 永原陽子 編)
• 作者: 村西進也;後藤正美;森拓郎;鈴木祥之;西上実;Takumi MORIYAMA;栗田禎子
• 通讯作者: 栗田禎子

ジェンダーと国際関係の社会学

性别社会学与国际关系

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: 梶田孝道(編)『新・国際社会学』名古屋大学出版会
• 作者: Iwasaki;Erina;土佐弘之
• 通讯作者: 土佐弘之

イスラーム復興の思想的背景と現実:アラブ世界を中心に

伊斯兰复兴的思想背景与现实——以阿拉伯世界为中心

• 发表时间: 2007
• 作者: 栗原隆;(共著:安彦;谷本編);高橋 均;EBARA Masaharu;飯塚正人
• 通讯作者: 飯塚正人

アラブにとってイスラームとは何か

对于阿拉伯人来说，伊斯兰教是什么？

• 发表时间: 2007
• 作者: 矢島安敏;阿部哲朗;飯塚正人
• 通讯作者: 飯塚正人