Implicit Motives: Using Diffusion Modeling to Assess Effects of Motive Frustration on Cognitive Processes

内隐动机：使用扩散模型评估动机挫败对认知过程的影响

• 批准号: 449906590
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Veronika Lerche
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Psychologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2019-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/449906590?language=en
• 关键词: Implicit; Motives; Using; Diffusion; Modeling

The three central psychological motives are the achievement, affiliation, and power motive. The frustration of these motives has an important influence on human experience and behavior. The underlying mechanisms have, however, not yet been sufficiently investigated. What is, for example, the effect of negative performance feedback on task processing for individuals with a high achievement motive? How do individuals with a high affiliation motive react to the information that they will have few friends in the future? In this project, a mathematical model — the diffusion model — will be employed to closer examine the effects of such motive frustrations on cognitive processes. In the field of motive research, the application of the DM is novel. In contrast to previous studies that often focused on behavioral variables (mean response times, error rates), the DM uses information about entire response time distributions. Therefore, it becomes possible to separate different cognitive processes. For example, an increase in response speed after negative performance feedback of individuals with a high implicit hope for success can have different causes. Due to increased effort, their information uptake or their motoric response might have accelerated. It is also possible that they become less cautious, i.e., faster at the expense of higher error rates. Such completely different explanations can be disentangled by means of diffusion modeling. We will analyze the effects of frustration of the implicit achievement (subproject 1) and affiliation motive (subproject 2). Thereby, we will examine different variables that can have a significant impact on the cognitive processes following motive frustration (among others, strength of the hope vs. fear component of a motive, passive vs. active fear of failure, task difficulty). In addition, in subproject 3, we investigate another important question from motive research. In the motive literature, mainly two different procedures, the so-called picture story exercises and grid-based measures, are used for the measurement of implicit motives. Grid-based measures have, among others, economic advantages. In the last years, however, the question has been raised whether these procedures really measure implicit motives (like picture story exercises), or rather explicit motives (like self-report measures). In subproject 3, we will take advantage of the data and methods of the previous subprojects to examine this question systematically. By means of a literature review and the analysis of the motive data from the previous subprojects, we will compare the construct and criterion validity of the grid-based measures and the picture story exercises. Further, we will use the procedures of motive frustration from subprojects 1 and 2 to examine the validity of the different motive measures experimentally.

三个核心的心理动机是成就动机、从属动机和权力动机。这些动机的挫折对人类的体验和行为产生了重要影响。然而，潜在的机制还没有得到充分的研究。例如，对于具有高成就动机的个体，负面绩效反馈对任务处理的影响是什么？有较高归属感动机的人会对他们未来朋友少的信息作何反应？在这个项目中，一个数学模型-扩散模型-将被用来更仔细地研究这种动机挫折对认知过程的影响。在动机研究领域，数据挖掘的应用是新颖的。与以前通常关注行为变量(平均响应时间、错误率)的研究不同，DM使用有关整个响应时间分布的信息。因此，将不同的认知过程分开是可能的。例如，对成功抱有很高内隐希望的个人在负面表现反馈后反应速度的提高可能有不同的原因。由于努力的增加，他们的信息吸收或他们的运动反应可能已经加速。也有可能它们变得不那么谨慎，即以更高的错误率为代价变得更快。这种完全不同的解释可以通过扩散模型来解开。我们将分析挫折对内隐成就(子项目1)和从属动机(子项目2)的影响。因此，我们将考察不同的变量，这些变量可以对动机受挫后的认知过程产生重大影响(其中，希望的强度与动机的恐惧成分，被动与主动的失败恐惧，任务难度)。此外，在子项目3中，我们调查了动机研究中的另一个重要问题。在动机文献中，主要使用两种不同的程序来测量内隐动机，即所谓的图画故事练习和基于网格的测量。除其他外，基于电网的措施具有经济优势。然而，在过去的几年里，有人提出了一个问题，这些程序是否真的衡量了隐性动机(如图片故事练习)，或者更确切地说，是显性动机(如自我报告措施)。在子项目3中，我们将利用以前的子项目的数据和方法来系统地研究这个问题。通过文献回顾和对先前子项目的动机数据的分析，我们将比较基于网格的测量和图片故事练习的结构和标准的有效性。此外，我们将使用子项目1和子项目2中的动机挫折程序来实验检验不同动机措施的有效性。