A Lexical and Grammatical Survey of Minority Languages in South and Southeast Asia

●我们对印度和东南亚大陆的少数民族语言进行了研究，这些少数民族语言包括：南印度的达罗毗荼语户田和巴达加语，北印度的库鲁语、马尔托语和加达巴语等，印度东北部的南亚卡西语，北印度的蒙达里语，泰国东北部的库依语等，缅甸北方的藏缅语Lhaovo和Laacid等。●我们设定了三个主要研究课题：（A）语言的语音、形态、词汇和语法描述我们根据迄今为止收集和检查的词汇和语法问卷，对上述语言的词汇系统和语法结构进行了研究。研究的语法现象包括户田、Kurux和Malto的动词范式; Kuy和Lhaovo的名词短语结构; Kuy的连续动词结构; Lhaovo的格系统; Lhaovo的语法化等。我们还研究了户田、Gadaba、Khasi等语言的语音系统。(B)语言文化层面的描述我们收集了文化词汇和方言词汇/用法。我们还收集了民间故事，口头文学，自然语言，以及传统歌曲和音乐的声音来源。(C)少数民族语言与其邻近语言的相互作用我们试图通过对语言使用条件和词汇/用法借用的研究，阐明少数民族语言与其所使用的国家/邦的官方语言接触的各个方面。●关于印度的语言，我们不仅单独研究上述主题，还与印度政府印度语言中央研究所的研究人员合作。

● We conducted the study of minority languages spoken in India and mainland Southeast Asia listed below:Dravidian Toda and Badaga in South India, Kurux, Malto and Gadaba in North India, etc.Austroasiatic Khasi in Northeast India, Mundari languages in North India, Kuy in Northeast Thailand, etc.Tibeto-Burman Lhaovo and Lacid in Northern Myanmar etc.● We set three main subjects of research:(A) phonological, morphological, lexical and grammatical description of languages We did research on lexical systems and grammatical structures of the languages listed above, based on the lexical and grammatical questionnaires accumulated and examined so far. The grammatical phenomena studied in the project contain the verbal paradigms of Toda, Kurux and Malto; noun-phrase structures of Kuy and Lhaovo; serial verb construction of Kuy; case system of Lhaovo; grammaticalization of Lhaovo etc. We also did research on sound systems of such languages as Toda, Gadaba, Khasi etc.(B) description of linguo-cultural layers We collected cultural vocabularies, and dialectal vocabularies/usages. We also collected folk tales, oral literatures natural speeches, as well as sound sources of traditional songs and music.(C) interaction of a minority language and its neighbouring language(s) We tried to elucidate aspects of the contact of a minority language and official language(s) of the country/state it is spoken, through researches of the conditions of language use and borrowing of words/usages.● As for languages in India, we did research on the subjects above not only individually, but also in cooperation with researchers in Central Institute of Indian Languages, Government of India.