The general study about the memorial services for the war victims in Modern Japan

我们对欧洲、亚洲和日本的国家战争亡灵公墓、包括战争亡灵在内的家庭墓地以及战争亡灵纪念碑进行了调查。我们把时间集中在现代民族国家。在本研究中，我们重点研究了国家与人民之间、特定地区与公民之间以及他们的宗教之间的参照。以下是本研究的结论。在日本，战争亡灵墓地的基本格局是由他们自己的家人建立的，并尊重他们自己的宗教。人们独立地为战争死难者建立了坟墓，有时也为战争死难者建立了纪念碑。(a)在美国、英国、法国，这些国家是第一次和第二次世界大战的战胜国，国家为战争死者建立墓地，国家承认战争死亡的士兵。此外，追悼会也会纪念他们。士兵个人的宗教信仰受到国家的尊重。在中国、越南和土耳其，这些国家都是新兴国家，国家为战争死难者建立了公墓。特别是，它们被认为是民族主义和国家统一的政治象征。(c)德国是第一次和第二次世界大战的战败国，国家为战争死难者建立墓地，战争死难者得到国家的承认。但承认的哲学是基于对个人的尊重和和平主义。在我们的研究中，我们可以发现其他国家对战争死者的承认有这三种类型。在其他国家，对战争死者的承认显示了这三种类型的混合类型。这些类型关于战争死难者的认定取决于几个因素。第一个因素取决于这个国家是否成为赢家。第二个因素取决于攻击的破坏程度。后面还有另一个因素。这些是政治动态、民族的历史和文化以及社会的团结。所以，当我们解决这个问题时，我们必须依赖并考虑这些多元原则。少

We did research on the national cemetery for the war dead, family graves which included the war dead, and the memorial war dead in Europe, Asian area and Japan. We specialized the time at the modern nation state. In this study, we focused on the reference between the nation and the people, between the certain area and it's citizens, and their religions. Below are the conclusions of this study.JapanIn Japan, the basic pattern of the graves for the war dead were erected by their own families and respected their own religions. People erected the graves for the war dead and sometims the memorials war dead, independently.Foreign Countries(a) In U.S.A, U.K. and France, these nations are the winners of the First and the Second World War, the cemetery for the war dead is erected by the nation, and the war dead soldiers are recognized by the nation. Also, they are remembered by the memorial services. The soldier's individual religion is respected by the nation.(b) In China, Vietnam and Turkey, … More these nations are emergent countries, the cemetrey for the war dead is erected by the nation. Especially, they are recognized as the political symbols of the nationalism and the national unification.(c) Germany, which is the loser of the First and the Second World War, the cemetrey for the war dead is erected by the nation, and the war dead soldiers are recognized by the nation. But the philosophy of the recognition is based on the individual's respect and the pacifism.Other nationsIn our research, we could find these three types on the recognition of the war dead. In other countries, the recognition of the war dead shows us the mixed types of these three types.These types about the recognition of the war dead depends on the several factors. The first factors depends on whether the nation were a winner or not. The second factor depends on the level of the destruction by the attack. And there are another factors in the back. These are the political dynamics, the history and the culture of the nation, and the solidarity of the society.So, when we do work on this problem, we have to depend on and consider well these plural principles. Less