Molecular mechanism involved in the association of periodontal disease with pathology of metabolic syndrome

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The purpose of this investigation was to examine the association of periodontal disease and various components of metabolic syndrome. In epidemiological studies, high blood pressure and periodontitis were significantly associated with macrovascular disease(s) as risk indicators. Levels of the inflammatory biomarkers including ICAM in the subjects with periodontitis increased meaningfully in comparison with the subjects without periodontitis. In apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, high-cholesterol diet and infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis accelerated inflammatory cytokines and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, a series of in vitro infection studies revealed that a periodontal pathogen caused cell cycle dysregulation in gingival epithelial cells.