Effects of surface acoustic waves on catalyzed-liquid phase reactions in a microreactor

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For the design of a smart-structure reactor, a microreactor was functionalized with surface acoustic waves (SAWs) that can be generated on ferroelectric crystals by applying rf electric power. The acoustic waves significantly enhanced the catalytic activity of Sc(OTf)_3 for the aldol condensation reaction of benzaldehyde and acetophenone by lowering the activation energy of the reaction. Rayleigh and shear-horizontal leaky SAWs exhibited that the dynamic lattice displacement vertical to surface was responsible for the catalyst activation. The functionalization using the acoustic wave effects provided the microreactor with reaction-controllable functions of promoting liquid phase catalytic reactions.