Evaluation of molecular mechanisms of tumor-specific protoporphyr in accumulation induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid

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5-Aminolevulinic acid is one of the most potent photodynamic therapeutic agents, because it induces tumor cell-specific intracellular accumulation of a photosensitizer, protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). However, molecular mechanisms of such 5-ALA-induced PPIX accumulation remain unclear. In the current study, in order to establish a basis to predict efficacy of photodynamic therapy to treat cancer, molecular mechanisms of intracellular accumulation of PPIX induced by 5-ALA were studied in various human cancer cell lines exposed to 5-ALA. Results suggested that PPIX accumulation is likely determined by PPIX biosynthesis, ferrochelatase (FECH) activity and PPIX efflux.