Cortical Representation of Mechanical Problem Solving in Tool Use

工具使用中机械问题解决的皮层表征

基本信息

项目摘要

The ability to operate tools skilfully and precisely has become an essential component of modern human life. Neurological patients often show deficits in using tools due to apraxia. Apart from im-paired knowledge of tool function and tool manipulation, deficits in mechanical problem solving (MPS) seem to contribute significantly to tool use apraxia. Understanding the physical and mechan-ical properties of objects is particularly important, if previously unknown tools are used to achieve a mechanical goal. However, also when interacting with familiar tools, MPS seems to be an important cognitive component. A variety of paradigms to assess MPS evolved, but the underlying cortical representations are far from clear. The central objective of the proposed project is therefore to use an established behav-ioural paradigm with two complementary brain imaging technologies to gain a better understanding of the neural organisation and the essential components of the neural network.We plan to use the “Novel Tool Test” (NTT) that requests users to select a novel tool and use it to manipulate an object by reasoning from the tool’s and object’s structure. We plan to examine the execution of the NTT in healthy participants during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using a set-up established in previous studies, which enables actual execution of hand actions in the MRI environment (the “tool carousel”). The design will allow us to distinguish between planning and execution of the action, and we plan to test both hands for a better analysis of the laterality of the neural representation. Former fMRI studies of familiar tools use showed that a left-sided fronto-temporo-parietal network is activated. Moreover, primary visual and sensorimotor areas contribute. We expect to find the same activations plus additional patterns that are MPS specific. Choosing among novel tools presumably activates occipito-temporal areas. For both the selection and execu-tion, we expect strong activations in the left inferior and superior parietal lobule and in the left su-pramarginal gyrus with distinct differences in the activations depending on the condition. As the complementary method, we plan to use the same set-up and transcranial magnetic stimula-tion (TMS) to determine the distinct functions of key areas associated with MPS as revealed by the former fMRI experiment. After stimulation of these areas, we expect behavioural decrements in the healthy participants obvious from video scoring and kinematic analysis. We hypothesize prolonged reaction times and slowed executions during the selection among novel tools. For the use condition, we additionally expect higher movement variability and decreased movement fluency associated with TMS stimulation of specific brain areas.Our studies will foster the understanding of the neural mechanisms of MPS in tool use, which is one of the major prerequisites allowing humans to use tools promptly and skillfully.
熟练和精确地操作工具的能力已成为现代人类生活的重要组成部分。神经病患者经常表现出缺陷,在使用工具,由于失用症。除了对工具功能和工具操作的知识受损外,机械问题解决(MPS)的缺陷似乎对工具使用失用症有显著影响。如果使用以前未知的工具来实现机械目标,则了解物体的物理和机械特性尤为重要。然而,当与熟悉的工具交互时,MPS似乎是一个重要的认知组件。评估MPS的各种范式不断发展,但底层的皮质表征还远不清楚。因此,建议项目的中心目标是使用两种互补的脑成像技术,以更好地了解神经组织和神经网络的基本组成部分,我们计划使用“新颖工具测试”(NTT),要求用户选择一种新颖的工具,并使用它来操纵一个对象,通过推理工具和对象的结构。我们计划在功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)过程中检查NTT在健康参与者中的执行情况,使用以前研究中建立的设置,该设置可以在MRI环境中实际执行手部动作(“工具旋转木马”)。该设计将使我们能够区分动作的计划和执行,我们计划测试双手,以便更好地分析神经表征的偏侧性。以前的功能磁共振成像研究熟悉的工具使用表明,左侧额颞顶叶网络被激活。此外,主要的视觉和感觉运动区域也有贡献。我们希望找到相同的激活加上MPS特定的其他模式。在新奇的工具中做出选择可能会激活枕颞区。对于选择和执行,我们预期在左下和上级顶叶小叶以及左边缘上回中存在强烈激活,并且激活的明显差异取决于条件。作为补充方法,我们计划使用相同的设置和经颅磁刺激(TMS)来确定与MPS相关的关键区域的不同功能,如前fMRI实验所揭示的。在刺激这些区域后,我们预计健康参与者的行为会从视频评分和运动学分析中明显减少。我们假设在选择新工具的过程中,反应时间延长,执行速度减慢。对于使用条件,我们还期望与特定脑区的TMS刺激相关的更高的运动变异性和降低的运动流畅性。我们的研究将促进对MPS在工具使用中的神经机制的理解,这是使人类能够迅速和熟练地使用工具的主要先决条件之一。

项目成果

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Professor Dr. Joachim Hermsdörfer其他文献

Professor Dr. Joachim Hermsdörfer的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Professor Dr. Joachim Hermsdörfer', 18)}}的其他基金

Neuronale Repräsentation von Werkzeuggebrauch und Handlungsplanung
工具使用和行动规划的神经表示
  • 批准号:
    160687332
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grants
Pathophysiologie zerebellärer Bewegungsstörungen: Motorische Kontrolle des Greifens und Manipulierens
小脑运动障碍的病理生理学:抓握和操纵的运动控制
  • 批准号:
    16399910
  • 财政年份:
    2005
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grants
Evaluation eines motorischen Trainings zur Therapie von Schreibkrampf. Therapeutische Effekte von Trainingsintensität und Feedback der Fingerkraft
治疗写作痉挛的运动训练评估。
  • 批准号:
    5436610
  • 财政年份:
    2004
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grants

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