Post-)colonial livestock breeding in Namibia: Historical, social-ecological and genetic transformations

纳米比亚后殖民时期的畜牧业：历史、社会生态和遗传转型

• 批准号: 454643100
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Sven König
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Tierzucht und Haustiergenetik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/454643100?language=en
• 关键词: Post; colonial; livestock; breeding; Namibia

The proposed project investigates – in an interdisciplinary approach –livestock husbandry and breeding in Namibia from the beginning of the colonial period (1884) until today as an intertwined process of historical, social-ecological and genetic transformations. The construction of colonial systems in Africa intervened massively in local societies and led to profound changes in habitats with their biodiversity, resource endowment and land use. Farm animal husbandry played a central role in the colonial endeavours in today's Namibia and so colonisation led to a strong diversification of animal husbandry systems. This in turn led to transformation processes in livestock populations, both phenotypically and genetically. The Colonial plans included the use of local as well as the introduction of European breeds. This will for a planned transformation was itself part of the legitimation of colonialism and biological racism: existing production systems and livestock populations were considered - as were African societies - to be in need of improvement through European guidance. In exchange with African farm workers, new forms of animal husbandry and new breeds were developed on the emerging colonial farms. In this explorative approach, human actors were constantly challenged both by intercultural communication and by the discrepancies in breeding goals and results. The history part of the project (CAU) therefore examines the traditional strategies according to which colonial breeding was controlled and how colonial human-animal relations changed in view of the breeding results. In a microhistorical approach, it studies the African farms of former scholars of the agriculturally oriented German Colonial School in Witzenhausen and the Colonial Women's School in Rendsburg. The social ecology part of the project (DITSL) investigates the production- and action-logics of livestock farmers in different, current rangeland farming systems in Namibia. It examines how these logics were developed and how they are linked to different human-animal- environment-relationships. The animal breeding part of the project (JLU) will then examine to what extent colonial societal changes have contributed to the definition of breeding objectives and to what extent breeding processes based on these changes can be measured today on the basis of genomic data. Through this interdisciplinary approach, historical, societal, spatial-landscape and genetic transformations are for the first time investigated in direct relation to each other on the basis of a concrete case study. This will clarify whether and, if so, how rangeland farming systems were permanently changed by colonisation, or whether and to what extent African breeding and husbandry practices ultimately proved resilient.

拟议的项目以跨学科的方法调查纳米比亚从殖民时期(1884年)开始到今天的畜牧业和养殖业，这是一个交织在一起的历史、社会-生态和遗传变革过程。非洲殖民制度的建立在很大程度上干预了当地社会，并导致栖息地的生物多样性、资源禀赋和土地利用发生了深刻变化。农场畜牧业在今天纳米比亚的殖民努力中发挥了核心作用，因此殖民导致了畜牧业系统的高度多样化。这反过来又导致了家畜种群的表型和遗传转化过程。殖民地计划包括使用当地品种以及引进欧洲品种。这种有计划的转型意愿本身就是殖民主义和生物种族主义合法化的一部分：现有的生产系统和牲畜种群被认为需要通过欧洲的指导加以改进，非洲社会也是如此。作为与非洲农场工人的交换，在新兴的殖民农场上开发了新的畜牧业形式和新的品种。在这种探索性的方法中，人类行为者不断受到跨文化交流以及繁殖目标和结果差异的挑战。因此，该项目的历史部分(CAU)审查了控制殖民地繁殖的传统战略，以及鉴于繁殖结果，殖民地人与动物的关系如何改变。在微观历史的方法中，它研究了维森豪森的以农业为导向的德国殖民学校和伦茨堡的殖民妇女学校的前学者的非洲农场。该项目的社会生态学部分(DITSL)调查了纳米比亚目前不同牧场耕作系统中畜牧场主的生产和行动逻辑。它考察了这些逻辑是如何发展起来的，以及它们如何与不同的人-动物-环境-关系联系在一起。然后，该项目的动物育种部分(JLU)将审查殖民地社会的变化在多大程度上有助于确定育种目标，以及基于这些变化的育种过程今天可以在多大程度上根据基因组数据进行衡量。通过这种跨学科的方法，首次在具体案例研究的基础上，研究了历史、社会、空间-景观和遗传变化之间的直接关系。这将澄清殖民是否以及如何永久性地改变了牧场农业系统，或者非洲的育种和畜牧业做法最终被证明是有弹性的，以及在多大程度上被证明是有弹性的。