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Studies on the biological significance of the spiral architecture of sperms of plants assigned to the land-plant lineage.

研究陆地植物谱系植物精子螺旋结构的生物学意义。

基本信息

批准号：
09440272
负责人：
HORI Terumitsu
金额：
$ 8.32万
依托单位：
University of Tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09440272/
关键词：
male gamete sperm bryophyte peridophyte green alga gymnosperm 藻類

项目摘要

This project was conducted to evaluate the biological significance of the spiral architecture of sperms in sexual reproduction of plants which are assigned to the land-plant lineage.(1) All sperms produced by plants belonging to the land-plant evolutional lineage are fundamentally spiral either in their external architecture or intracellular organization, or both. The most ovbious features are found in their coiled streamlined body of sperm cell and spiral arrangement of flagella on the surface of cell body. The internal ones are reflected on the intracellular arrangement of various cell organelles, including cell nucleus, anterior giant mitochondrion, and basal bodies.(2) Biflagellate sperms are produced in charophytes, mosses, liverworts, and a few lycophytes.. In biflagellate sperms two flagella are inserted at the cell anterior and their basal bodies are positioned slightly downward from the cell tip, thus resulting in an asymmetrical profile of cell architecture. Two basal bodies … More are monomorphic and parallel, staggered in an anterior to posterior fashion in contrast to those of sperms of other photosynthetic organisms.(3) Multiflagellated sperms are found in most ferns and a few gymnosperms, including Ginkgo and cycads. In multiflagellated sperms flagella and their basal bodies are arranged in spiral fashion with several rows. The cell body coils to the left when viewed from the anterior. Basal bodies are distributed on the MLS in different manners, indicating the difference of their role in swimming movement.(4) The sperm that have such structural features only swimm forward in spiral fashion, but does not have ability of back-swimming to avoid material as those of green algal swarmers of other evolutionary lineages.(5) The coiled structure of body and spiral arrangement of flagella may effectively work to drill down through the neck and ventral canals of the archegonium in the archegoniate fertilization, but significance of these morphological characteristics in male gametes of some charophytes, including Coleochaete, Klebsormidium, is uncertain. Less

本研究旨在探讨陆生植物有性生殖过程中精子螺旋结构的生物学意义。(1)陆生植物进化谱系中的植物产生的精子基本上都是螺旋形的，无论是外部结构还是细胞内组织，或者两者兼而有之。最典型的特征是精子细胞呈卷曲的流线型体和细胞体表面的鞭毛呈螺旋状排列。内部的反映在细胞内的各种细胞器的排列，包括细胞核，前巨细胞和基体。(2)轮藻、藓类、苔类和少数石松类植物产生双鞭毛精子。在双鞭毛精子中，两个鞭毛插入在细胞前部，它们的基体从细胞尖端稍微向下定位，从而导致细胞结构的不对称轮廓。两个基体 ...更多信息与其他光合生物的精子不同，精子是单形的，平行的，前后交错。(3)多鞭毛精子存在于大多数蕨类植物和少数裸子植物中，包括银杏和苏铁。多鞭毛精子的鞭毛及其基体呈螺旋状排列，排列方式为多列。从前面看，胞体向左卷曲。基底体在MLS上的分布方式不同，表明它们在游泳运动中作用的不同。(4)具有这种结构特征的精子只能以螺旋方式向前游动，而不像其他进化谱系的绿色藻群那样具有向后游动以避开物质的能力。(5)在颈卵器受精过程中，体部的卷曲结构和鞭毛的螺旋排列可能有效地钻过颈卵器的颈管和腹管，但这些形态特征在一些轮藻（包括鞘毛纲、克雷伯索米藻属）雄配子体中的意义尚不确定。少