SPECIAL RESEARCH OF ECOSYSTEM IN THE INSTITUTE FOR NATURE STUDY

自然研究所生态系统专题研究

• 批准号: 10400005
• 负责人: YANO Makoto
• 金额: $ 1.41万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL SCIENCE MUSEUM
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10400005/
• 关键词: INSTITUTE FOR NATURE STUDY; URBAN ENVIRONMENT; CHANGE OF ECOSYSTEM; 自然教育園生態系; 自然の変遷

The main purpose of these studies is to carry out research into the ecosystem in the Institute for Nature Study. National Science Museum, which is surrounded by urban environment. This research includes the plant and animal association in the Institute, and also the inorganic environment like atmosphere, soil and water balance. Also these investigations intend to demonstrate the transition during the past 20 years comparing the surveys done in this period.The results are as follows. The pollen analysis in mud develops the historical change of the forest from the ancient time to the present day. The climatic data gathered over a span of 120 years shows rise in air temperature and fall phenomenon of humidity. Especially it is important to point out that it is verified that under the influence of the heat island the invasion and ecesis of the species of warm district of Trachycarpus, Pteridophyta, Myxomycetes, Aves and butterflies have occurred.Besides this, the exploration of the inorgan … More ic environment bring out the facts below. Water balance makes sure the increase of an outflow of water as a consequence of rise of impermeability layer. Among the soil heavy metal, it is observed that there are no transformation in nickel and lead, but higher content in copper and zinc than before. According to the survey the dust fall is proved to be changeless.The plant community investigation confirmed that there are more evergreen trees with the transition progress at forest in the Institute for Nature Study, on the other hand the wild grass of sun plant, ruderal plant and shrub tend to reduce. The remarkable decrease in Aucuba that have clumped in shrub layer make a interesting contrast with increase by 10 times in Acea palmatum.In the Fauna and Flora, the new species of the fungi and oribatid mites are recorded, several species of lichens, spiders, and oribatid mites are newly recorded in Japan, Pteridophyta, Myxomycetes, spiders and moths of rare species were observed. Comparing the previous research, Pteridophyta, Myxomycetes, Aves, land snails, Coccoidae show the slight increase. On the other hand Bryophytes, Myriapoda, Oligochaeta, butterflies, moths diminish in numbers. The Orthoptera, dragon flies demonstrate remarkable decrease. The cause of this transition can be related to the accuracy of the survey, but the environmental transition caused by having more evergreen forest and the isolation of the Institute for Nature Study invited by urbanization are thought to be the major factor in these transitions. Less

这些研究的主要目的是对自然研究所的生态系统进行研究。被城市环境包围的国立科学博物馆。这项研究包括研究所内的植物和动物协会，以及大气、土壤和水平衡等无机环境。这些调查还旨在通过比较这一时期的调查来展示过去 20 年的转变。结果如下。泥土中的花粉分析揭示了森林从远古到现代的历史变迁。 120年来收集的气候数据显示气温上升、湿度下降的现象。尤其需要指出的是，经证实，在热岛的影响下，暖区的粗果类、蕨类、粘菌类、鸟纲和蝴蝶等物种都发生了入侵和退出。除此之外，对无机冰环境的探索还得出了以下事实。水平衡确保了由于防渗层上升而导致的水流出量的增加。土壤重金属中，镍、铅未发生转化，但铜、锌含量较之前有所提高。据调查，降尘量没有变化。植物群落调查证实，自然研究所随着森林转型的进展，常绿乔木增多，而太阳植物、粗生植物和灌木等野草则有减少的趋势。丛生于灌木层的Aucuba的显着减少与Acea palmatum的增加10倍形成有趣的对比。动植物区系中记录了真菌和甲螨的新种，日本新记录了几种地衣、蜘蛛和甲螨，蕨类植物、粘菌纲、蜘蛛和飞蛾等珍稀物种也有记录。 观察到。与以往研究相比，蕨类植物、粘菌纲、鸟纲、蜗牛、球虫纲略有增加。另一方面，苔藓植物、多足纲、寡毛类、蝴蝶、飞蛾的数量减少。直翅目、蜻蜓数量明显减少。这种转变的原因可能与调查的准确性有关，但常绿森林增多所引起的环境转变以及城市化带来的自然研究所的孤立被认为是这些转变的主要因素。较少的