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Study on a concrete program of nature observation for elementaly school children

小学生自然观察具体方案的研究

基本信息

批准号：
03454568
负责人：
YANO Makoto
金额：
$ 1.98万
依托单位：
NATIONAL SCIENCE MUSEUM
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-03454568/
关键词：
Elementaly school Nature observation Program placenta fetus brain natriuretic peptide amnion amniotic fluid

项目摘要

The objective of this study is to make a practical programs of nature observation, what season, what places will it be done, and how to guide them, for school children in the school grounds, parks, river sides and secondary forest ect. from the standpoints of special field workers.In 1991 we collected many reports of the guidance of fields study, and we made reserches in the three places to get practical data for fields study. The result of this reserch let us following conclusion, that is, little field education carried out in the elementary school, furthermore there were few teaching materials of them. We felt that it is nessary to develop both effective guidans and teaching materials of field study.In 1992 we examined the method of guidance and developed teaching materials. In the development of teaching material it will be considered that the materials will be used in out-door and those could be used for individual study too. As a result of investigation we made many materials, as follows,study note, picture-illustration sheets for comment on nature, question sheets start from dried leaf, game cards made from dried leaf, newspaper for nature observation, sheets for how to make rotary-flying seed models, sheets for how to make plaything with herb and seed, making a nature map, orienteering for nature observation etc.In 1993 we practiced nature observation intended to school children by the newly made materials, and examined the teaching materials. From result of these practice, it was cleary recognized that the teaching materials must be made considering local phenology and suitable materials in each region, and in the case of school children, programs must be changed following school age.

本研究的目的是为学童在校园、公园、河边、次生林等地进行自然观察，在什么季节、在什么地点进行，以及如何指导他们。1991年我们收集了大量的田野调查指导报告，并在三地进行了实地调查，为田野调查提供了实际资料。本研究结果显示，我国小学田野教育开展较少，且教材较少。我们认为，有必要制定有效的实地考察指导和教材，1992年我们对指导方法进行了研究，并编写了教材。在编写教材时，将考虑到这些材料将用于户外，也可用于个人学习。通过调查，我们制作了许多材料，如学习笔记、自然评论插图、从干树叶开始的问题单、干树叶制作的游戏卡、自然观察报纸、如何制作旋转飞行的种子模型、如何制作草药和种子玩具、制作自然地图、1993年我们用新制作的教材进行了面向小学生的自然观察训练，并对教材进行了检验。从这些实践的结果来看，人们清楚地认识到，教材必须考虑到当地的物候和适合每个地区的材料，对于学龄儿童来说，课程必须随着学龄的变化而变化。