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A Study of the origin of world renunciation and the relationship with the laity in Ancient India

古印度出离心的起源及其与俗人的关系研究

基本信息

批准号：
10410006
负责人：
HOSODA Noriaki
金额：
$ 3.65万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1. The research makes clear the relationship between renunciants and laymen in Upanisad, Brahmana and Aranyaka literature, especially concerning Yajnavalkya and King Janaka. The Investigator researched rules and regulations of priesthood and royalty in Dharmasutra, renouncement and the four stages of Brahmin life in Vedanta philosophy.2. Renunciants in Early Buddhism were investigated focusing on the Margavarga of the Samyutagama compared with Pali Nikaya, Sanskrit Agama, Vinaya and Abhidharma Literature. Based upon this study an annoted Japanese translation of the Margavarga of the Samyutagama was completed. Although this varga contains stages of training for renunciants, mostly on thirty-seven Bodhyarigas, the last chapter is on four avetyaprasada which is common to laymen. Furthermore, existent Sanskrit Agama compared with Chinese Translation of Samyutagama shows they are not from the same source. Quotation concerning persons related to Mahayana Buddhism were also collected.3. Taking into account materials gathered during the course of this study and reviews of this research outside of Japan, it was made clear that the relationship between renunciants and laymen can be seen especially in Brhaddranyakopanisad and Buddhist Agamas. This relationship is deeply connected with the factors like geography, which was examined from the linguistic side as well. Concretely relationship between the Upanisads and Early Buddhist Texts, such as, Dhammapada, Agamas (e.g. the Brahmajala-sutra, the Srdmanya-sutrd) were to a certain degree clarified. These texts can be understood as a tradition of wisdom literature, which is also seen in Jain sacred books, Epics and Mahayana Sutras. Although both the Upanisads and Buddhist Agamas take a priest-centered position those contents are greatly developed by relations with laymen, and Mahayana Buddhism can be said to be representative of that development.

1. 研究阐明了《奥义书》、《婆罗门》和《阿兰亚卡》文献中出家者与俗人之间的关系，特别是关于耶若那瓦尔基亚和贾那卡王的关系。研究者研究了《法经》中的僧侣和皇室的规章制度，以及吠檀多哲学中的出家和婆罗门生活的四个阶段。 2．对早期佛教的出家者进行了研究，重点是《相应部》的《缘义》，并与巴利尼耶、梵文阿含、戒律和阿毗达磨文学进行比较。根据这项研究，完成了《Samyutagama》Margavarga 的注释日文翻译。虽然这部《varga》包含了出家者的修行阶段，主要是三十七菩提伽，最后一章却是在家人常见的四阿韦提亚帕萨达。此外，现存的梵文阿含与汉译《遍译》相比较，可见二者并非出自同一源头。还收集了大乘佛教相关人士的语录。 3．考虑到本研究过程中收集的材料以及对日本以外的研究的回顾，可以清楚地看出，出家者与俗人之间的关系尤其可以在《Brhaddranyakopanisad》和《佛教阿伽玛》中看到。这种关系与地理等因素有着密切的联系，从语言的角度也可以考察这一点。奥义书与早期佛教经典如《法句经》、《阿含经》（如《梵经》、《Srdmanya-sutrd》）之间的具体关系在一定程度上得到了澄清。这些文本可以被理解为智慧文学的传统，在耆那教的圣书、史诗和大乘佛经中也可以看到。尽管《奥义书》和佛教《阿含经》都采取以僧侣为中心的立场，但其内容却是通过与在家人的关系而得到极大的发展，而大乘佛教可以说是这种发展的代表。