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A Study of the origin of world renunciation and the relationship with the laity in Ancient India

古印度出离心的起源及其与俗人的关系研究

基本信息

批准号：
10410006
负责人：
HOSODA Noriaki
金额：
$ 3.65万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1. The research makes clear the relationship between renunciants and laymen in Upanisad, Brahmana and Aranyaka literature, especially concerning Yajnavalkya and King Janaka. The Investigator researched rules and regulations of priesthood and royalty in Dharmasutra, renouncement and the four stages of Brahmin life in Vedanta philosophy.2. Renunciants in Early Buddhism were investigated focusing on the Margavarga of the Samyutagama compared with Pali Nikaya, Sanskrit Agama, Vinaya and Abhidharma Literature. Based upon this study an annoted Japanese translation of the Margavarga of the Samyutagama was completed. Although this varga contains stages of training for renunciants, mostly on thirty-seven Bodhyarigas, the last chapter is on four avetyaprasada which is common to laymen. Furthermore, existent Sanskrit Agama compared with Chinese Translation of Samyutagama shows they are not from the same source. Quotation concerning persons related to Mahayana Buddhism were also collected.3. Taking into account materials gathered during the course of this study and reviews of this research outside of Japan, it was made clear that the relationship between renunciants and laymen can be seen especially in Brhaddranyakopanisad and Buddhist Agamas. This relationship is deeply connected with the factors like geography, which was examined from the linguistic side as well. Concretely relationship between the Upanisads and Early Buddhist Texts, such as, Dhammapada, Agamas (e.g. the Brahmajala-sutra, the Srdmanya-sutrd) were to a certain degree clarified. These texts can be understood as a tradition of wisdom literature, which is also seen in Jain sacred books, Epics and Mahayana Sutras. Although both the Upanisads and Buddhist Agamas take a priest-centered position those contents are greatly developed by relations with laymen, and Mahayana Buddhism can be said to be representative of that development.

1.通过研究，可以明确出离者与俗人的关系，尤其是关于耶智那瓦迦和迦拿迦王的关系。研究者研究了《法经》中的祭司和皇室的规则和条例，吠檀多哲学中的放弃和婆罗门生活的四个阶段。本研究以《三余答摩经》中的《摩诃婆罗迦》为研究对象，将其与帕利本伽、梵语阿含、律宗、阿毗达磨文献进行比较。在此基础上，完成了《三昧》《摩诃婆罗多》的注释日文译本。虽然这varga包含阶段的训练出离心，主要是对三十七Bodhyarigas，最后一章是对四avetyaprasada这是常见的外行。此外，现存的梵文《阿含经》与汉译《无量寿经》的比较表明，它们并非同源。同时也收集了大乘佛教相关人物的语录。考虑到在本研究过程中收集的材料以及对日本以外的研究的评论，可以清楚地看到出家人和俗人之间的关系，特别是在Brhaddranyakopanisad和佛教Agamas中。这种关系与地理等因素有着密切的联系，并从语言学的角度进行了考察。在某种程度上，《三昧经》与早期佛教经典，如《法》、《阿伽玛斯》（如《梵志经》、《释迦牟尼经》）之间的具体关系得到了澄清。这些文本可以被理解为智慧文学的传统，这也可以在耆那教的圣书、史诗和大乘佛经中看到。虽然《三圣经》和佛教《阿伽玛斯》都采取了以祭司为中心的立场，但这些内容通过与俗人的关系而得到了极大的发展，大乘佛教可以说是这种发展的代表。