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A Study of the origin of world renunciation and the relationship with the laity in Ancient India

古印度出离心的起源及其与俗人的关系研究

基本信息

批准号：
10410006
负责人：
HOSODA Noriaki
金额：
$ 3.65万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1. The research makes clear the relationship between renunciants and laymen in Upanisad, Brahmana and Aranyaka literature, especially concerning Yajnavalkya and King Janaka. The Investigator researched rules and regulations of priesthood and royalty in Dharmasutra, renouncement and the four stages of Brahmin life in Vedanta philosophy.2. Renunciants in Early Buddhism were investigated focusing on the Margavarga of the Samyutagama compared with Pali Nikaya, Sanskrit Agama, Vinaya and Abhidharma Literature. Based upon this study an annoted Japanese translation of the Margavarga of the Samyutagama was completed. Although this varga contains stages of training for renunciants, mostly on thirty-seven Bodhyarigas, the last chapter is on four avetyaprasada which is common to laymen. Furthermore, existent Sanskrit Agama compared with Chinese Translation of Samyutagama shows they are not from the same source. Quotation concerning persons related to Mahayana Buddhism were also collected.3. Taking into account materials gathered during the course of this study and reviews of this research outside of Japan, it was made clear that the relationship between renunciants and laymen can be seen especially in Brhaddranyakopanisad and Buddhist Agamas. This relationship is deeply connected with the factors like geography, which was examined from the linguistic side as well. Concretely relationship between the Upanisads and Early Buddhist Texts, such as, Dhammapada, Agamas (e.g. the Brahmajala-sutra, the Srdmanya-sutrd) were to a certain degree clarified. These texts can be understood as a tradition of wisdom literature, which is also seen in Jain sacred books, Epics and Mahayana Sutras. Although both the Upanisads and Buddhist Agamas take a priest-centered position those contents are greatly developed by relations with laymen, and Mahayana Buddhism can be said to be representative of that development.

1.明确了奥义书、婆罗门神和阿兰雅卡文学中，尤其是叶杰纳瓦克雅和雅纳卡王中的弃教者与门外汉的关系。调查者研究了《陀罗经》中关于神职人员和王室的规章制度、戒律和吠陀哲学中婆罗门生活的四个阶段。对早期佛教中的出家人进行了调查，重点考察了三育伽摩经的玛伽梵歌，并与巴利尼卡雅、梵语阿伽玛、维纳雅和阿比达摩文学进行了比较。在这项研究的基础上，完成了一部著名的日文译本《三昧经》。虽然这部瓦尔加包含了戒律者的训练阶段，主要是关于三十七个菩提亚利加，但最后一章是关于外行人常见的四个无乘法。此外，现存的梵文《阿伽玛》与中译本《三昧》的比较表明，它们的出处并不相同。还收集了与大乘佛教有关的人的语录。考虑到在这项研究过程中收集的材料和对日本以外的这项研究的审查，我们清楚地表明，在Brhaddranyakopanisad和佛教阿伽马中，可以看到弃教者和门外汉之间的关系。这种关系与地理等因素有着密切的联系，也是从语言的角度来考察的。具体而言，《奥义书》与早期佛经，如《法句》、《阿伽马》(如《婆罗门经》、《释迦牟尼经》)之间的关系都得到了一定程度的澄清。这些文本可以理解为智慧文学的传统，这也可以在斋戒圣书、史诗和大乘佛教经典中看到。虽然奥义书和佛教阿伽马都是以僧侣为中心的，但这些内容在很大程度上是通过与门外汉的关系发展起来的，大乘佛教可以说是这种发展的代表。