A Sociological Study of "YOSEBA"

“YOSEBA”的社会学研究

• 批准号: 10410062
• 负责人: NAKANE Mitsutoshi
• 金额: $ 6.4万
• 依托单位: Hiroshima Shudo University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10410062/
• 关键词: YOSEBA; homeless people; urban problems; social problems; urban underclass; day labor; slum; urban poor; アンダークラス; 労働問題; 日雇労働者; 労働市場; 釜ケ崎; 山谷; 寿町

Yoseba is the black market for supplying day-labor force in Japan. Osaka Kamagasaki area and Tokyo Sanya area and Yokohama Kotobuki-Cho area are the typical "Yoseba" and the day-laborers' lodgings town. They are called "Doya-Gai" in Japan. Many of big cities in Japan have "Yoseba" without day-laborers' lodgings town. "Yoseba" are scattered all over the city in Japan.Yoseba is discriminated area in Japanese urban society. The day-labors in "Yoseba" are called "Romusha" or "Furosha" and face discrimination. They are derogatory terms against "Yoseba"-labor and Homeless people in Japan. They are labeled with many various stigmas. Their Stigmas can be characterized in the following six categories.1.lowly character in process of life2.insecurity as regards employment3.vagrancy4.idle character as regards employment5.arbitrariness in process of life6.inferiority in humanity and personalityThere is fixed structure with these various stigmas interrelated. The above-mentioned six categories are conformed to the Homeless discrimination as their stigmas.Homeless people in Japan have three characteristic points. First, the most of homeless people are single men. Second, many of them are advanced in age. Third, many of them consist of the active day-labor and the onetime day-labor in "Yoseba".Recently the number of homeless people has increased and been regarded as an important social problem in Japanese big cities. In this paper I aim to discuss the theory of urban-underclass that the change of labor market with the structural transition to post-industrialization has caused an increase of the Homeless. And by discussing the structure of "Yoseba"-discrimination I hope make clear that the situation has grew worse by the discrimination.

Yoseba是日本供应临时工的黑市。大阪龟崎地区、东京三亚地区和横滨古北町地区是典型的Yoseba和日工寄宿镇。他们在日本被称为“多亚盖”。日本的许多大城市都有“Yoseba”，没有临时工住宿的小镇。“Yoseba”在日本的城市里随处可见，Yoseba是日本城市社会中受歧视的地区。“Yoseba”的日工被称为“Romusha”或“Furoasha”，面临歧视。它们是对“Yoseba”的贬义词，Yoseba是日本的劳工和无家可归者。它们被贴上许多不同的污点的标签。他们的污名可以分为以下六类。1.生活过程中的低级性格2.就业方面的不安全感3.流浪中的闲散性格5.生活过程中的任意性6.人性和人格上的自卑这些不同的污名之间存在着固定的结构。上述六个类别都符合以无家可归者歧视为耻辱的标准。日本无家可归者有三个特点。首先，大多数无家可归的人都是单身男性。其次，他们中的许多人年龄都很大。第三，Yoseba的流浪者多由活跃的日工和一次性的日工组成。近年来，无家可归者的数量有所增加，并被视为日本大城市的一个重要社会问题。在本文中，我旨在探讨城市底层阶级理论，即劳动力市场的变化随着结构向后工业化的转变而导致无家可归者的增加。通过讨论“Yoseba”--歧视--的结构，我希望表明，这种歧视使情况变得更糟。

项目成果

中根光敏: "寄せ場/野宿者を記述すること"解放社会学研究. 15. 3-22 (2001)

Mitsutoshi Nakane：“描述约鲁巴/游牧民族”解放社会学研究。15. 3-22 (2001)。

中根 光敏: "釜ヶ崎をめぐる社会問題の構成-第一次暴動前篇-"広島修大論集-人文編-. 41-2. 133-175 (2001)

中根光俊：“镰崎周边社会问题的构​​成 - 骚乱的第一部分 -”广岛书大集 - 人文版 - 133-175（2001）。

Mitsutoshi, Nakane: "Tranfiguration of Urban Under-class in Japan : Background Controversies over Homeless Issue"The Annals of Japan Association for Urban Sociology, 17 : the Japan Association for Urban Sociology. 39-54 (1999)

中根光敏：“日本城市下层阶级的变形：无家可归问题的背景争议”日本城市社会学协会年鉴，17：日本城市社会学协会。

中根光敏: "寄せ場/野宿者を記述すること"解放社会学研究. 15. 3-25 (2001)

Mitsutoshi Nakane：“描述约鲁巴/游牧民族”解放社会学研究。15. 3-25 (2001)。

Mitsutoshi, Nakane: "How were the Social Problems of KAMAGASAKI Constructed?"Studies in The Humanities and Sciences, 41-2(78) : Hiroshima Shudo University. 133-175 (2001)

中根光俊：“镰崎的社会问题是如何构建的？”人文科学研究，41-2(78)：广岛修道大学。