Comparative Constitutional Research about Making up of the Civic Public Sphere in the Network Society -by Analyzing of Multi Media, NPO, Political Parties and Community-

本研究试图从比较宪法学的角度对“公民公共领域”进行分析。宪法理论已经设定了政治行动者（例如。多媒体，非营利组织，政党，社区）不是进入国家领域，而是进入私人领域。我们提出了一个新的概念“公民公共领域”，这些行动者在私人领域和国家领域之间活动，这需要外国宪法专家和这些行动者的合作。我们在三年的时间里举行了七次密集的研讨会，对每个国家、每个行动者的宪法问题进行了研究，并对这一主题进行了整体的分析，我们的成果如下：在国家间的比较中，一方面，在英国，传统上“市民社会”秩序是由非国家、非法律因素支撑的，但近年来这种秩序正在被破坏，特别是在撒切尔主义之后。另一方面，在德国，非国家的“公共领域”近年来被“合法化”，从总体上分析，这就是为什么人们可以说“公民公共领域”是“公共的”问题。从性别分析的角度看，有必要重构“公”与“私”的二元论。（参见：（下页“参考文献”）这三年来，我们对英国、美国、德国、法国、意大利、奥地利、瑞士、日本等现代民主国家公共领域的宪政结构和主要问题进行了梳理。

In this research, we have tried to analyze "Civic Public Sphere" in view of comparative Constitution. Constitutional Theory had set political actors (ex. multi media, NPO, political parties, community) not into state sphere, but into private sphere. We have taken a new concept of "Civic Public Sphere", in which these actors act, between private and state sphere.This research required cooperation of specialists about foreign Constitution and those actors. We had 7 intensive conferences for 3 years, and we studied constitutional problems about each country and each actor, and then we made total analysis about the theme as a whole.Our achievements are, for example, bellow :As to comparison between countries, on one hand in England, order of "civil society" has been supported by non-state, non-legal elements traditionally, but recently this order has been destroying, especially after Thatscherism. On the other hand in Germany, non-state "public sphere" has been "legalized" in these years.As to total analysis, it is the problem why man can say "Civic Public Sphere" "public"? From a viewpoint of gender analysis, it is necessary to restructure the dualism of "public" and "private".(cf. "REFERENCES" of next page)For this 3 years, we have made clear Constitutional structure and main problems about public sphere, which are common to modern democratic countries, for example England, USA, Germany, France, Italy, Austria, Switzerland and Japan.