The Change of Representative Democracy and the Comparative Constitutional Study of Government Subsidy to the pditical parties

由于1992年是这项研究的最后一年，我们利用前两年的结果进行了全面的研究。即在第一年，我们学习了前宪法学研究中代议制民主与政党制度理论史的方案。明年，我们在集中研究每个国家的情况后，研究出普遍性和特殊性，并考虑到日本的现状。在此基础上，我们对日本政治文化环境下政府对政党补贴的正当性得出了一定的结论。具体而言，我们研究了美国、英国、法国、德国、瑞士、意大利和新西兰政府补贴的现状以及支持或批评政府补贴的理论。因此，由于大众社会的进步或选举运动的变化，代议制民主的弱点，以及代议制民主的历史差异，我们得出了共同的事实。利用这些结果，我们批判性地研究了日本“政治改革”在选举制度改革和引入政府补贴方面的尝试。这样，我们就可以把“政改”理解为发达资本主义国家的一种政治改革，也可以认识到国家主权和民主是如何在日本非常具体的政治环境中进行的。

As 1992 was the last year of this research, we performed a comprehensive study using the results of the first two years. That is, in the first year, we studied the scheme of the theoretical history of representative democracy and political party system in the former study of constitutional law. And next year, we studied out both universality and specificity after the concentrated study of each country, and considered the present conditions of Japan as well. Basing on them, we led out certain conclusions about the propriety of government subsidies to the political parties under the political, cultural circumstances of Japan.Concretely, we studied both the present conditions of government subsidies and the theories that sustain or criticize them in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, and New Zealand. As a result, we came to common facts such as the weakness of representative democracy because of the advance of mass-society, or the changes of the election campaign, and the differences of the history of representative democracy against them.Using those results, we critically studied the trials of the reform of electoral system and the introduction of government subsidy by the "political reform" in Japan. In this way, we were able to understand the "political reform" as one of the political reforms of the advanced capitalist countries, and were able to recognize how the sovereignty of the nation and the democracy could be carried out in the very specific political circumstances of Japan.